Bias Gender dalam Kamus Bahasa Indonesia on-line (Studi Kritis tentang Pemaknaan Perempuan dalam Kamus Bahasa Indonesia)

<p>Indonesian On-Line Dictionary is a dictionary which use reference of indonesian Big dictionary. So the words which are explained in sentence have reference confessed as reference which can be justified. However, what will happen if woman defined as someone expressing individual normatively entered in ugly behavioral category. Woman in on-line dictionary is a system of representation form in forming woman construction in social practice. Woman through a text will give a dogma to woman in reality life of society. The Research using women as an actor who concern in definition of woman in indonesian online dictionary express very disagree of the treatment that they got. They realize that woman require the condition that support them to a good system in represent woman self as equal as man. Product of sentence in dictionary should be renewed so woman can real develope and have contribution in public region not like what defined in dictionary.</p><p> </p><p>Kamus Bahasa Indonesia On-line merupakan kamus yang menggunakan referensi dari kamus besar bahasa Indonesia. Sehingga kata-kata yang dijelaskan dalam kalimat memiliki referensi yang diakui sebagai rujukan yang bisa dipertanggungjawabkan. Namun apa yang terjadi apabila perempuan didefinisikan sebagai seseorang yang mencerminkan individu yang secara normatif masuk dalam ketegori perilaku buruk. Parempuan dalam kamus bahasa on-line merupakan bentuk representasi sistem dalam membentuk konstruksi perempuan dalam praktek sosial. Perempuan melalui sebuah teks akan mendogma perempuan itu sendiri dalam kehidupan nyata di kehidupan masyarakat.Penelitian dengan menggunakan perempuan sebagai aktor yang terlibat dalam penyertaan makna pendefinian kamus bahasa Indonesia on-line menyatakan sangat tidak setuju atas perlakuan yang didapatkan dirinya. Mereka menyadari bahwa perempuan membutuhkan kondisi yang mendukung atas sebuah sistem yang kokoh dalam merepresentasikan diri perempuan agar setara dan sepadan dengan laki-laki. Produk kalimat dalam kamus seharusnya direfisi ulang agar perempuan mampu berkembang secara nyata serta berkontribusi di wilayah publik bukan semata-mata menjadi seperti apa yang didefinisikan dalam kamus.</p>

Serious Suicide Attempts

Background: Suicidal behavior comprises a diverse set of behaviors with significant differences among several behavioral categories. One noteworthy category includes individuals who have made serious suicide attempts, epidemiologically very similar to those completing suicide. This behavioral category is important, since interviewing survivors of a potentially lethal incident of self-harm enables a detailed investigation of the psychological process leading to the suicidal act. Aim: To achieve a consensus definition and operational criteria of serious suicide attempts. Method: We reviewed studies that included the term serious suicide attempt or related terms (e.g., highly lethal), with a focus on the variety of operational criteria employed across studies. Results: More than 60 papers addressing various types of serious suicide attempt were explored. We found a large variety of operational definitions, reflecting the lack of consensus regarding terminology and criteria related to the term. Conclusion: We undertook the challenge of developing an integrative and comprehensive set of criteria of serious suicide attempt and suggest a definition comprising three key dimensions: medical lethality, potential lethality of the method used, and severity of the objective circumstances of the suicide intent. Clinicians and researchers are strongly encouraged to consider using the term serious suicide attempt with its attendant components.

Personal Attributes of Successful Interns as Perceived by Dietetic Internship Directors and Preceptors from Varying Generations

Personal attributes of students and employees are increasingly important to educators and employers. This study determined the personal attributes perceived by Dietetic Internship Directors and Preceptors from varying generations that lead to success in Dietetic Internships. Internship Directors and Preceptors throughout the United States participated in this 2012 study. A mixed methods approach was utilized. The results from a preliminary web-based survey of Preceptors and Dietetic Internship Directors local to the researchers were used to develop a list of personal attributes. The final survey provided participants the opportunity to rate 35 personal attributes. Usable data for analysis was received from 311 responders. The top ten reported personal attributes included: motivation, completion of tasks, dependability, respectful, positive attitude, flexible, listening skills, asks questions, open minded, and professional. Dietetic Internship Directors perceived flexibility (M=9.53) and punctuality (M=9.34) to lead to success significantly (p=0.017) more than Preceptors (M=9.30; M=9.04). Results showed significant differences in success-associated attributes of Interns among the primary setting, generation, and Registered Dietitian status of Directors and Preceptors. The Behavioral category of personal attributes was perceived to be more important than Communication or Interpersonal. This study suggests that some personal attributes are more highly valued by Dietetic Internship Directors and Preceptors than others. Knowledge of these attributes can help guide allied health educators in preparing future interns and employers in selecting potential employees.

Legitimate Collaboration: The Administration of Santo Tomáás Internment Camp and Its Histories, 1942––2003

During World War II the Japanese Imperial Army concentrated several thousand Allied civilians at the Santo Tomáás Internment Camp in Manila, the Philippines. Internee and Japanese administrators subsequently collaborated extensively to run the camp. Since its liberation in 1945, however, the camp's English-language historians have tended to tell the camp experience as a resistance story. This article explores both the history of the camp and its historiography through archival and published sources. It argues that the tendency to recast collaboration into resistance stems from an understanding of collaboration as inherently illegitimate. By conceiving of collaboration as a behavioral category within which lies a spectrum of moral and political legitimacy, the historian can work against this inclination to misunderstand the past.

A Systematic Observation of More and Less Successful High School Tennis Coaches

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze systematically the coaching behaviors of more and less successful high school boys’ tennis coaches during practice sessions. The Arizona State University Observation Instrument, consisting of 14 behavior categories, was used to compile data on nine coaches (five judged as more successful and four judged less successful, based on win records). Time sampled event recording was used to collect the data, with each coach being observed during preseason/early season, midseason, and late season for a total of three observations per coach. Analysis of the data showed that the more successful coaches asked a significantly greater number of questions of their players than did the less successful coaches. The tennis coaches demonstrated more instructional behaviors than any other behavior but spent more intervals in the Other category than in any other behavioral category. Other, Management, and Silence accounted for almost 75% of all intervals.

Typologies of Intimacy

Despite a general consensual definition of intimacy, few attempts have been made to clarify the different aspects of this broad behavioral category. This paper is an attempt to formulate typologies of intimacy so as to better examine the varied phenomena of intimate relationships. It treats intimacy as a process by which a special kind of definition of the situation evolves. Such process typically involves negotiation and communication which vary with situations. Also, the intensity of the actor's emotional involvement and expected duration of the relationship also implies qualitatively different types of intimacy.