Brief analysis: development of nuclear submarines and elaboration of industry standards for power plant systems

Object and purpose of research. A wide application of nuclear technologies and new types of weapons, electronic sensors, automation systems and tools have increased combat capabilities of the Navy and its major component represented by submarine forces. Materials and methods. Nuclear submarines are core weapons of the Naval Forces, which can efficiently perform strategic and tactical roles, including multiple tasks. Main results. This paper briefly analyzes the steam-generation and steam-turbine plants development of submarines and elaboration of industry standards used for design of the systems supporting of nuclear submarines. Conclusions. This paper assesses the relevancy of standards used in development of steam-generation and steam-turbine plants for advanced nuclear submarines and identifies the scope for their further improvement to take into account modern nuclear submarine requirements in the design.

Modeling the transport of radioactive pollution in the Ussuri Gulf during the first days after the nuclear accident in the Chazhma Bay in August 1985

Представлены результаты лагранжевого моделирования распространения радиоактивного загрязнения в Уссурийском заливе на различных горизонтах по глубине на основе численной региональной модели циркуляции ROMS с использованием эмпирических данных выпадения радиоактивных осадков из атмосферы на поверхность акватории в день аварии на атомной подводной лодке в бухте Чажма 10 августа 1985 г. Показано, что радиоактивное пятно могло оставаться в Уссурийском заливе в течение первых четырех суток после аварии. Установлено, что эволюция и деформация начального пятна загрязнения на разных горизонтах обусловлены влиянием вихрей разных полярностей и размеров (мезомасштабный циклон в центре залива, субмезомасштабный антициклон на севере и мезомасштабный антициклон на юге) и лагранжевых когерентных структур, связанных с гиперболическими точками в заливе. The results of Lagrangian modeling of the transport of radioactive pollution in the Ussuri Gulf at various depths based on a regional ROMS numerical model of circulation using the empirical data on the radioactive fallout from the atmosphere at the sea surface on the day of the accident at a nuclear submarine in the Chazhma Bay in August 10, 1985. It was shown that the radioactive particles remain in the Ussuri Gulf for the first 4 days after the accident. It has been shown that the evolution and deformation of the initial pollution patch on various horizons was influenced by vortices of different polarity and size in the Ussuri Gulf (a mesoscale cyclone in the center of the Gulf, a sub-mesoscale anticyclone in the north and a mesoscale anticyclone in the south) and by Lagrangian coherent structures connected with hyperbolic points in the Gulf.

DP 0252 - Brazilian Nuclear-Powered Submarine: national defense and technological externalities

In order to prepare and employ naval power and contribute to national defense, the Brazilian Navy, through its programs and projects, seeks to develop means of implementation of naval war operations and actions suitable for its main tasks – sea denial and control, and power projection. A significant portion of these efforts is the Submarine Development Program (PROSUB), which the ultimate purpose is to develop the first Brazilian nuclear-powered submarine. This paper aims to emphasize the importance of PROSUB (especially regarding the nuclear submarine) to the accomplishment of the Brazilian Navy constitutional mission and to the country’s development and security, notably stressing its positive externalities (in technological, human resources and social terms) and the importance of its continuity and enhancement.

Normas, Isomorfismo Institucional E Demanda Militar: O Projeto Do Submarino Nuclear Da Marinha Do Brasil

Um extenso corpo da literatura sobre transferência e aquisição de armamentos dedicou-se a analisar os diversos elementos, endógenos e exógenos, que orientam a demanda dos Estados por tecnologia militar. À luz dessas considerações teóricas, diferentes trabalhos buscaram compreender o fenômeno de modernização militar em países da América do Sul e suas potenciais implicações para a dinâmica de segurança regional. Buscamos avançar o argumento de que a demanda por sistemas de armas modernos está vinculada a um processo internacional de isomorfismo das organizações militares. Nesse sentido, nosso objetivo é compreender a demanda da Marinha brasileira pelo submarino de propulsão nuclear. A partir da perspectiva do neoinstitucionalismo sociológico, nossa hipótese é que a demanda da força naval brasileira foi historicamente conformada pela difusão de normas constitutivas sobre o que representa o poder militar moderno.Palavras-chave: Tecnologia militar; submarino nuclear; Marinha do Brasil.ABSTRACTAn extensive literature on arms transfer and acquisition analyzed different elements, endogenous and exogenous, that drive States' demand for military technology. In accordance with these theoretical considerations, different studies sought to understand the phenomenon of military modernizations in South American countries and its potential implications for regional security dynamics. We sought to advance the argument that military demand for modern weapon systems is linked to an international process of isomorphism in military organizations. In that sense, our objective is to comprehend the Brazilian navy demand for a nuclear-powered submarine. In line with the sociological neo-institutionalism framework, we hypothesize that the Brazilian naval force demand has been historically shaped by the diffusion of constitutive norms concerning what constitutes a modern military power.Keywords: Military technology; nuclear submarine; Brazilian Navy.