Vibration measurement of a cutting tool using root-embedded PZT sensor

PurposeIn this paper, a vibration measuring technique that relies on the use of piezoelectric material and is originally developed to measure the vibration of turbine blade is adopted to measure the vibration of cutting tool in turning. The piezoelectric material is embedded at the root of the cutting tool. The scope of this research is to investigate the feasibility of using this technique by first conducting ANSYS simulation to solve the coupled field equations that govern the piezoelectric phenomenon followed by experimental work to compare the measured data with those obtained by conventional method to have an insight into the effectiveness of the adopted technique. Both simulation and experimental results show that the use of an embedded PZT sensor at the root of cutting tool is very useful for measuring vibration and can be used for further cutting operation control. In addition, it has captured more information than conventional vibration measurement techniques.Design/methodology/approachVibration measurement of root-embedded PZT material to convert the dynamic cutting forces into vibration signals that can be used in cutting process optimization and improvement of cutting quality.FindingsPZT material is found to be very responsive to high-frequency vibrations such that it can catch Chatter phenomena and can be used in developing control strategies.Research limitations/implicationsMainly used for turning cutting process in this research. Other manufacturing process like milling special tool holder designs.Practical implicationsCan be used as online monitoring systems for cutting tool holders.Social implicationsEngineer and technician aid in quality assurance and control.Originality/valueThe new approach of embedding PZT material at the cutting tool root and the signals presentation and processing.

Crystals of superconducting Baryonic tubes in the low energy limit of QCD at finite density

The low energy limit of QCD admits (crystals of) superconducting Baryonic tubes at finite density. We begin with the Maxwell-gauged Skyrme model in (3 + 1)-dimensions (which is the low energy limit of QCD in the leading order of the large N expansion). We construct an ansatz able to reduce the seven coupled field equations in a sector of high Baryonic charge to just one linear Schrödinger-like equation with an effective potential (which can be computed explicitly) periodic in the two spatial directions orthogonal to the axis of the tubes. The solutions represent ordered arrays of Baryonic superconducting tubes as (most of) the Baryonic charge and total energy is concentrated in the tube-shaped regions. They carry a persistent current (which vanishes outside the tubes) even in the limit of vanishing U(1) gauge field: such a current cannot be deformed continuously to zero as it is tied to the topological charge. Then, we discuss the subleading corrections in the ’t Hooft expansion to the Skyrme model (called usually $$ {\mathcal {L}}_{6}$$L6, $${\mathcal {L}}_{8}$$L8 and so on). Remarkably, the very same ansatz allows to construct analytically these crystals of superconducting Baryonic tubes at any order in the ’t Hooft expansion. Thus, no matter how many subleading terms are included, these ordered arrays of gauged solitons are described by the same ansatz and keep their main properties manifesting a universal character. On the other hand, the subleading terms can affect the stability properties of the configurations setting lower bounds on the allowed Baryon density.

MGD Dirac Stars

The method of geometric deformation (MGD) is here employed to study compact stellar configurations, which are solutions of the effective Einstein–Dirac coupled field equations on fluid branes. Non-linear, self-interacting, fermionic fields are then employed to derive MGD Dirac stars, whose properties are analyzed and discussed. The MGD Dirac star maximal mass is shown to increase as a specific function of the spinor self-interaction coupling constant, in a realistic model involving the most strict phenomenological current bounds for the brane tension.

A Coupled Thermodynamic Model for Transport Properties of Thin Films during Physical Aging

A coupled diffusion model based on continuum thermodynamics is developed to quantitatively describe the transport properties of glassy thin films during physical aging. The coupled field equations are then embodied and applied to simulate the transport behaviors of O2 and CO2 within aging polymeric membranes to validate the model and demonstrate the coupling phenomenon, respectively. It is found that due to the introduction of the concentration gradient, the proposed direct calculating method on permeability can produce relatively better consistency with the experimental results for various film thicknesses. In addition, by assuming that the free volume induced by lattice contraction is renewed upon CO2 exposure, the experimental permeability of O2 within Matrimid® thin film after short-time exposure to CO2 is well reproduced in this work. Remarkably, with the help of the validated straightforward permeability calculation method and free volume recovery mechanism, the permeability behavior of CO2 is also well elucidated, with the results implying that the transport process of CO2 and the variation of free volume are strongly coupled.

Charged slowly rotating toroidal black holes in the (1 + 3)-dimensional Einstein-power-Maxwell theory

In this work, we find charged slowly rotating solutions in the four-dimensional Einstein-power-Maxwell nonlinear electrodynamics assuming a negative cosmological constant. By solving the system of coupled field equations explicitly, we obtain an approximate analytical solution in the small rotation limit. The solution obtained is characterized by a flat horizon structure, and it corresponds to a toroidal black hole. The Smarr’s formula, the thermodynamics and the invariants Ricci scalar and Kretschmann scalar are briefly discussed.

Stochastic Bifurcations of a Nonlinear Acousto-Elastic System

The nonlinear stochastic behavior of a nonconservative acousto-elastic system is in focus in the present work. The deterministic acousto-elastic system consists of a spinning disk in a compressible fluid filled enclosure. The nonlinear rotating plate dynamics is coupled with the linear acoustic oscillations of the surrounding fluid, and the coupled field equations are discretized and solved at various rotation speeds. The deterministic system reveals the presence of a supercritical Hopf bifurcation when a specific coupled mode undergoes a flutter instability at a particular rotation speed. The effect of randomness associated with the damping parameters are investigated and quantified on the coupled dynamics and the stochastic bifurcation behavior is studied. The quantification of the parametric randomness has been undertaken by means of a spectral projection based polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) technique. From the marginal probability density functions (PDFs), it is observed that the stochastic system exhibits stochastic phenomenological bifurcations (P-bifurcation). The study provides insights into the behavior of the stochastic system during its P-bifurcation with reference to the deterministic Hopf bifurcation.

Bifurcations and Uncertainty Quantifications in Nonlinear Acousto-Elastic Systems

The study of nonlinear aeroelastic instability mechanism of nonconservative acousto-elastic system is the focus here. The acousto-elastic system consists of a spinning disc in a compressible fluid filled enclosure. The nonlinear rotating plate is coupled with the linear acoustic oscillations of the surrounding fluid. Based on the acousto-elastic theory, the coupled field equations are discretized and solved for various rotation speeds in order to obtain the coupled system dynamics. The study shows that the coupled system undergoes a flutter instability at a particular rotation speed and the instability takes the form of supercritical Hopf bifurcation. Subsequently, the effect of randomness associated with the structural and the acoustic damping parameters are quantified on the nonlinear instability behaviour by means of a spectral projection based polynomial chaos expansion technique.

Interactions due to hall current and rotation in a magneto-micropolar fractional order thermoelastic half-space subjected to ramp-type heating

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate a two dimensional problem in magneto-micropolar thermoelastic half-space with fractional order derivative in the presence of combined effects of hall current and rotation subjected to ramp-type heating. Design/methodology/approach – The fractional order theory of thermoelasticity with one relaxation time derived by Sherief et al. (2010) has been used to investigate the problem. Laplace and Fourier transform technique has been used to solve the resulting non-dimensional coupled field equations to obtain displacement, stress components and temperature distribution. A numerical inversion technique has been applied to obtain the solution in the physical domain. Findings – Numerical computed results of all the considered variables have been shown graphically to depict the combined effect of hall current and rotation. Some particular cases of interest are also deduced from the present study. Originality/value – Comparison are made in the presence and absence of hall current and rotation in a magneto-micropolar thermoelastic solid with fractional order derivative.