The improvement of academic and methodological support of psychological-pedagogical disciplines in the conditions of digitalization of higher education

The article discusses the problem of reconsideration of components and improvement of academic and methodological support of university psychological and pedagogical disciplines. The object of this research is the academic and methodological support of psychological-pedagogical disciplines in the digital educational environment of higher education. The subject is the improvement of academic and methodological support of psychological-pedagogical disciplines, taking into account competencies (components of competencies) developed in the course of their study for use in digital educational environment. The author determines the specificity and forms of providing academic and methodological support in transition towards digitalization of higher education. The author summarizes the productive experience of implementing these forms of work in Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University. The article suggests the vectors for improvement, gives theoretical substantiation to the new variants of development and provision of academic and methodological support for psychological-pedagogical disciplines demanded in the digital environment. It is established that the process and dynamics of improvement of academic and methodological support are primarily associated with overcoming psychological and qualification barriers that impede the participation of pedagogues in the digital transformation of education, and increasing their readiness to learning and using new information and communication technologies and software, which is most effective when they receive specialized training based on implementation of the principles of system-activity, competency-based, information, and individually-differentiated approaches, interdisciplinary integration, organization of joint activity of the educators of different academic departments.

Indian and Russian Tolstoy: one among strangers and a stranger among one’s

The article examines the phenomenon of the late Lev Tolstoy in the context of his religious position. The author analyzes the reactions to his teaching in Russian state and official Orthodox circles, on the one hand, and Indian thought, on the other. Two sociocultural images of L.N. Tolstoy: us and them that arose in the context of understanding the position of the Russian Church and the authorities and Indian public and religious figures (including Mahatma Gandhi, who was under his influence). A peculiar phenomenon of intellectually usL.N. Tolstoy among culturally them (Indian) correspondents and intellectually them Tolstoy among culturally us (representatives of the official government and the Church of Russia) transpires. The originality of this situation is that these im­ages of Lev Tolstoy arise practically at the same period. The author compares these images, based on the method of defamiliarisation (V. Shklovsky), which allows to visually demonstrate the religious component of Tolstoy’s criticism of the political sphere of life and, at the same time, to understand the psychological reasons for its rejection in Russian official circles. With the methodological help of defamiliarisation the author tries to show that the opinion of Tolstoy (as the writer) becomes at the same time the voice of conscience for many of his con­temporaries. The method of defamiliarisation allowed the author to show how Leo Tolstoy’s inner law of nonviolence influenced the concept of non­violent resistance in the teachings of Gandhi.

IS IT POSSIBLE TO REANIMATE THE RUSSIAN IDEA?

It is the description of change the sense of Russian idea under the influence of neoliberal transformation of Russia. The Russian idea was understood as all-around everybody will have much wealth because of freedom market relations. Voucher and MMM - are two parts of new Russian idea, realization of which was coincide with destruction of Soviet Union as superpower. It was the aim of western strategy. Neoliberal policy did not take into account the west conception of world order with the ruling role of united states. Russia was the main obstacle on this way. The adequate evaluation of neoliberal policy was the true way of understanding real sense of Russian idea as self-defense of Russian civilization, the unity of humanity and escape it from self-destruction. The essay opens the discussion about Russia as simbol of «backword» and west as the simbol of «Progress», and «Slavophiles» and «Westerners», position of Lev Tolstoy moral position and Max Weberʼs war against Lev Tolstoy. The new understanding of Russian idea was considered in context of global changes and victories of Red Army in great war with Nazism, becoming soviet union as superpower. The Russian idea gave the new life to the conception of the Third Rome with the new understanding of perspectives contemporary evolution of civilization.

TUL Herbarium: collections of vascular plants of Tula Oblast, Russia

TUL Herbarium presents collections from Tula Oblast stored at the Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Russia, which is an educational and scientific institution that supports various types of scientific activities, including research on biodiversity and nature conservation. The university is a holder of some biological collections, such as herbarium of vascular plants, mosses and fungi collected mainly throughout Tula Oblast and from adjacent regions. The collections of vascular plants (9,000 specimens) were imaged in December 2019 and January 2020. Databasing and georeferencing of the specimens from the TUL Herbarium was performed by the staff members of the Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University and Tula Local History Museum. Digital collections of the TUL Herbarium are fully available in the Moscow Digital Herbarium (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/) and GBIF (https://doi.org/10.15468/ca08cm).

Tra nostalgia preindustriale, ghildismo e rinascita nazionale Il pensiero sociale di Ruskin nel dibattito culturale italiano

Ruskin’s social criticism, which in Unto This Last (1862) harshly condemned the effects of industrialism by mythologizing medieval age and craftmanship, had a wide influence on social reformers of various political orientations: William Morris, J.A. Hobson, the Art and Crafts Movement, the guildism of Arthur Penty and GHD Cole and the New Age circle, with an impact that went as far as the early decades of the 20th century. While his work as an art critic was promptly received in the Italian cultural debate, his social criticism found little audience, at least until the turn of the centuries, and anyway not in the sphere of economic and sociological culture. In this contribution I intend to examine how the circulation of Ruskin’s social thought in the Italian cultural debate between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was inscribed in the renewed interest in the social function of art, advocated in the Florentine literary journal Il Marzocco with particular reference to the work of Lev Tolstoy by young intellectuals such as Ugo Ojetti, Angelo Orvieto, and Enrico Corradini, as well as established critics as Angelo Conti. The debate became a watershed moment in Italian culture, involving crucial issues as identity and tradition, artistic heritage and national rebirth. By including in this cultural framework the reception of Ruskin’s social criticism, I intend to highlight its connection with the emergence of the movement for the conservation of the artistic heritage, in which Il Mazocco had a leading role, and to suggest it having mixed political implications. Ruskinian references were channeled in a perspective of national rebirth and regeneration; for a paradoxical but interesting twist, aspects of Ruskin's anti-industrialist and medievalist imagery converged within the new nationalist and nationalist dimension that crossed the Italian (and European) culture of the first decade of the century.

OUT OF TIME CHARACTERS IN LITERARY WORKS OF 1859: “FAMILY HAPPINESS” BY LEV TOLSTOY, “OBLOMOV” BY IVAN GONCHAROV, “A HOUSE OF GENTLEFOLK” BY IVAN TURGENEV

The article is a comparative structural, thematic and genre analysis of the works by Lev Tolstoy, Ivan Turgenev and Ivan Goncharov. The study had the following objectives: to give the genre definitions of “Family Happiness”, “Oblomov” and “A House of Gentlefolk” on the basis of structural, ideological and thematic features of the works; to compare the novels of Turgenev and Goncharov as different genre modifications; to justify the ideological character of the novel “A House of Gentlefolk”; to analyze the ideological controversy of the characters of Turgenev’s novel. As a result, the following conclusions were made. Tolstoy's “Family Happiness:, which is traditionally identified as a novel, in this case should be qualified as a novella: it has the predominant point of view which belongs to the narrator; the subject of the description are the episodes of private life presented outside of the socio-historical context of the era. Goncharov's “Oblomov” and Turgenev's “A House of Gentlefolk” present a multi-faceted, epically voluminous, large-scale picture of reality in two fundamentally different versions of the genre novel modifications. Despite the fact that in both novels the main characters are out of time, both works recreate the pre-reform atmosphere of the late 1850s, but perform it in fundamentally different ways. A mythologically-generalized, elegiac image of the past serfdom of Russia is presented in “Oblomov”. In “A House of Gentlefolk” the socio-historical specificity appears in close connection with real historical events, the lyrical beginning is organically combined with the polemical acuteness of the problem. The plot and the destinies of the characters in Turgenev's novel are determined by the ideological controversy, in which not only the main but also the secondary characters are subjectively or objectively involved, which ultimately determines the ideological character of the work. The proposed genre differentiation of the works of the three leading writers of the era allows us to give a dynamic cross-section of the literary process of the second half of the XIX century in the defining 1859 year of this period.

ASQAD MUXTOR WORKS LEV TOLSTOY CREATIVITY EFFECTS

The ideas expressed by Askad Mukhtar in scientific and journalistic articles, short stories and novels reflect the influence of the genius writer Tolstoy on the worldview of the Uzbek writer. In this regard, Leo Tolstoy's literary influence on the author's works, in particular, in the novel "Chinar", is of great historical and artistic significance. The article provides reviews about the heroes of his works, which helped create the image of the great writer from sources collected during the writing of the novel. In addition, information is provided on the activities and fate of two Uzbek representatives who managed to meet with Tolstoy - Ubaydulla Asadullahozhaev and Abduvokhid Koriev. Analysis of the conversation between Tolstoy and Koriev shows that Askad Mukhtor was a knowledgeable representative of Eastern and Western literature.

What is in Common between St. John of Kronstadt, Theologians, Intellectuals and Family Practitioners in the Middle and End of the 19th Century?

This article attempts to comprehensively examine the phenomenon of individualism at various levels of theory and (family) practice in Russian history in the middle and end of the 19th century through the prism of individualization as the problem. The research resulted in the discovery that approximately at the time when St. John of Kronstadt started writing his diaries as an experience of self-reflection, i.e. form the middle of the 19th century, there appeared and spread in the Russian society the “ego-documents”. The author also shows that St. John was under the influence of St. Petersburg Theological Academy lecturer and psychologist V.N. Karpov, who was one of the students of St. Innocent (Borisov) – the pioneer in his attempts to combine the modern concept of personality and Orthodox dogmatic theology. Also the intellectual tradition of St. Innocent was inherited by Bishop. John (Sokolov) and Archpriest Theodore Sidonskiy. Beyond the framework of St. Innocent “school” the author found similar theological methods of A.M. Bukharev, who placed humanism at the very center of Christianity, and of the Archimandrite Anthony (Amfiteatrov), who described his system of dogmatic theology, responding to the “challenge of modernity” associated with the introduction of the concept of “personality” in scientific and theological discourse. Also, humanism, peculiarly combined with the Christian worldview, is traced in the works of Lev Tolstoy. His ideas intersected with those of the representatives of intelligentsia in the middle of the 19th century, such as A.I. Herzen (social structure), K.D. Cavelin (psychology and law), N.I. Pirogov (pedagogy), who used individualism in different ways in their theoretical (sometimes in practical) constructions. The author also points out the changes in the Russian family that occurred in the middle and end of the 19th century. Those changes affected the transformation of the wedding ceremony, the marriage age and, attitude to women and children, marriage and birth rate, official and actual divorces. The author puts forward the thesis of the relevance of the postulate regarding the almost universal individualization in the Russian Empire in the middle and end of the 19th century, which was manifested in various ways. This study can help clarify the relationship between individualism and the concrete methods of theoretical constructions (art, theology, or any other types of scientific and cultural activities) arising from it and family practices, and thus helps to understand the nature of individualism.

Experience of the Implementation of the Modular Principle in the Training of Primary School Teachers

The article presents the results of participation of the Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University in the second and third stages of approbation of the basic professional educational program in terms of education bachelor degree with the direction: 44.03.05 "Pedagogical education (with two profiles of preparation)", profiles of preparation: Primary education, Foreign language; Primary education, Informatics. This project was implemented on the basis of an agreement on network interaction concluded with MSUPE. Approbation was attended by students 4 and 5 courses. The content, the course of implementation and the main results that were achieved by the students in the course of approbation and the formation of their professional subjectness were analyzed. The results of the pilot approbation of the toolkit of independent evaluation of the formation of the general professional competencies of students are also considered. The difficulties that were discovered during the practice process were classified. The project was tested within the framework of the Federal target program of education development for 2016–2020.