Community Participation in Education: A Case Study in the Four Remote Primary Schools in Samlot District, Battambang Province, Cambodia

<p>This study was conducted to investigate the nature of community participation in education in a remote district in Cambodia. A case study approach was used to explore the issue and employed mixed research methods for data collection. Epstein‘s participation and Bray‘s degree of community participation were used as analytical frameworks. The study contributes to a wide body of literature in participation in education, but which is under-researched for rural Cambodia. The study focussed on the forms and processes of participation by parents, community members and education stakeholders in primary schools in remote areas. The study discovered a range of social practices in community participation in education. The degrees of participation varied depending on the types of participation and the participants. Parents had direct participation in their children‘s learning at home, and indirect participation through resource contribution for school development. In addition, the community participated in education through their main representatives, the School Support Committees (SSCs). SSCs were found to possess power in the decision-making processes in school and education development. The most common type of participation was collaborative resource contribution for school development. This practice reflected the traditional culture of participation of Cambodian society but there was also a sign of behavioural change to focus more on children‘s learning. Teachers and School Support Committees were the drivers in bringing community and parents to participate in education. They were the facilitators, communicators, network connectors and mobilizers for school and education development. This case study suggests that a shift in focus (on the part of the government, non-governmental organizations and education stakeholders) to support parental involvement in children‘s learning, rather than the traditional resource mobilisation, may better promote children‘s learning. Further research on parental involvement in children‘s learning could be conducted.</p>

Community Participation in Education: A Case Study in the Four Remote Primary Schools in Samlot District, Battambang Province, Cambodia

<p>This study was conducted to investigate the nature of community participation in education in a remote district in Cambodia. A case study approach was used to explore the issue and employed mixed research methods for data collection. Epstein‘s participation and Bray‘s degree of community participation were used as analytical frameworks. The study contributes to a wide body of literature in participation in education, but which is under-researched for rural Cambodia. The study focussed on the forms and processes of participation by parents, community members and education stakeholders in primary schools in remote areas. The study discovered a range of social practices in community participation in education. The degrees of participation varied depending on the types of participation and the participants. Parents had direct participation in their children‘s learning at home, and indirect participation through resource contribution for school development. In addition, the community participated in education through their main representatives, the School Support Committees (SSCs). SSCs were found to possess power in the decision-making processes in school and education development. The most common type of participation was collaborative resource contribution for school development. This practice reflected the traditional culture of participation of Cambodian society but there was also a sign of behavioural change to focus more on children‘s learning. Teachers and School Support Committees were the drivers in bringing community and parents to participate in education. They were the facilitators, communicators, network connectors and mobilizers for school and education development. This case study suggests that a shift in focus (on the part of the government, non-governmental organizations and education stakeholders) to support parental involvement in children‘s learning, rather than the traditional resource mobilisation, may better promote children‘s learning. Further research on parental involvement in children‘s learning could be conducted.</p>

Incentive mechanism based on Stackelberg game under reputation constraint for mobile crowdsensing

Encouraging a certain number of users to participate in a sensing task continuously for collecting high-quality sensing data under a certain budget is a new challenge in the mobile crowdsensing. The users’ historical reputation reflects their past performance in completing sensing tasks, and users with high historical reputation have outstanding performance in historical tasks. Therefore, this study proposes a reputation constraint incentive mechanism algorithm based on the Stackelberg game to solve the abovementioned problem. First, the user’s historical reputation is applied to select some trusted users for collecting high-quality sensing data. Then, the two-stage Stackelberg game is used to analyze the user’s resource contribution level in the sensing task and the optimal incentive mechanism of the server platform. The existence and uniqueness of Stackelberg equilibrium are verified by determining the user’s optimal response strategy. Finally, two conversion methods of the user’s total payoff are proposed to ensure flexible application of the user’s payoff in the mobile crowdsensing network. Simulation experiments show that the historical reputation of selected trusted users is higher than that of randomly selected users, and the server platform and users have good utility.

Working Model Design for Local Superior Commodities Development in Sukabumi Regency

Problems in agricultural development often encountered in almost all regions in Indonesia are the inadequate use of natural resource potentials, limited ability to manage resources, and lack of synergy between economic actors. These various problems require improved performance through integrated management and development of commodities from upstream to downstream. This research aims to design a working model for the development of local superior commodities in Sukabumi Regency through a survey method conducted in 33 subdistricts. The research resulted in a working model design for the development of local superior commodities in Sukabumi Regency which involved aspects of resource contribution (labor/human resources, natural resources, capital and infrastructure) as well as aspects of work and performance (farmer institutions, extension agencies, financial and marketing institutions, education, training, experiences, sales ability and product demand) to be able to generate advantages. Until now, agricultural development is still facing various obstacles and added value (profitability, market, productivity and learning). All components in the working model design for developing local superior commodities in Sukabumi Regency must be supported by government policies to maximize the increase in added value for both farmers and the community

Barriers analysis for customer resource contribution in value co-creation for service industry using interpretive structural modeling

Purpose Co-creating services with the customer has recently appeared as an alternative strategy to achieve competitive advantage. Developing and sustaining a gainful experience requires sharing of knowledge, skills and resources between the firm and its customers. Managing value co-creation throws substantial challenge and difficulties. This study aims to investigate the barriers to customer resource contribution in value co-creation in service industries and find their interrelationships for developing an effective management framework for removal of those barriers. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review led to the identification of 26 barriers, which were further confirmed through expert opinion. The study used interpretative structural modeling (ISM) approach and Matrice d’Impacts croises-multipication applique (MICMAC), for analyzing the contextual relationships and develop a hierarchical model of the barriers. Findings ISM approach led to the development of a 13-level structural model. The barriers were further classified into autonomous, driver, linkage and dependent barriers using the MICMAC analysis. The framework offers a means to fulfill the expectations of the customers, thus leading to successful integration of the customer in the value creation process. Removal of the barriers has also been discussed. Practical implications The framework provides a direction and a tool to meet the expectations of the customers and lead to successful integration of the customer. Originality/value The study addresses a gap in the literature for the need of a structured framework for managing the value co-creation process in the service industry

Community Participation In Education: A Case Study Of Taungzalat School In Kalay, Myanmar

This study aimed to investigate the types of community participation in Taungzalat Primary School in Kalay, Myanmar, to provide information in order to develop guidelines, and to enhance community participation in school. A mixed- methods research was employed in this study. Quantitative data were collected from 245 community members using a multiple-response questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected using in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion with 19 participants. The data were analysed using Basic Statistics and content analysis and were integrated through triangulation. The results revealed that parents and community members differently involved in children’s learning and school development through all the six types of involvement by Epstein, but their participation was more directly related to student learning improvement than to school development. Community leaders, businesspersons and influential people in the community were involved in school development through PTA, representing the community, in the areas of decision-making, fundraising and school maintenance. Apart from teaching, teachers had roles of facilitating, communicating, networking and mobilizing for school development and students’ success. Research showed that the most common form of participation is resource contribution for school development. Therefore, the research suggests that all stakeholders focus on student learning improvement and on resource contribution for school development.

Blockchain-Based Resource Allocation Model in Fog Computing

Fog computing makes up for the shortcomings of cloud computing. It brings many advantages, but various peculiarities must be perceived, such as security, resource management, storage, and other features at the same time. This paper investigates the resource contribution model between the fog node and cloud or users when fog computing introduces blockchain. The proposed model practices the reward and punishment mechanism of the blockchain to boost the fog nodes to contribute resources actively. The behavior of the fog node in contributing resources and the completion degree of the task also for contributing resources are packaged into blocks and stored in the blockchain system to form a transparent, open, and tamper-free service evaluation index. The differential game method is employed to model and solve the above process and address the interaction between the optimal resource contribution strategy of the fog node and the optimal benefit under the optimal resource contribution strategy. Indirectly, this service evaluation index also brings long-term economic benefits to fog service providers. Besides, taking advantage of the performance characteristics of the collective maintenance of blockchain and the ability to establish a credible consensus mechanism in an untrusted environment, fog computing nodes, under the proposed architecture, can have specific security protection capabilities.

Ethics and Social Entrepreneurship

The authors highlight that it was the personal spiritual experience of the founders which slowly evolved into an ethical-spiritual social organization. The researchers suggest that ethical social entrepreneurship is the result of an intense yearning on the part of the social entrepreneur to serve and advance the wellbeing of people and the environment around them. These personal values of the social entrepreneurs impel a process of help and resource contribution from like-minded people and institutions which result in the formation of a social organization based on ethical intentions. The study proposes a new subdomain of social entrepreneurship which focuses on the subjective, individual, personal values of the social entrepreneur which result in the formation of the social enterprise. The present study is an attempt to highlight the role of own values in the creation and evolution of a social enterprise. It is an attempt to explore the relationship between ethics and social entrepreneurship with the help of three case studies of social enterprises in South Gujarat, India.

Modeling Analysis of Complex Products Resource Integration Behavior Under Distributed Collaborative Technology Innovation Mode

According to new features of distributed technology innovation collaboration of complex products of China’s aviation, in the multi-agent collaborative R&D process, between main manufacturer and suppliers, this paper summarizes the organizational structure and characteristics of collaborative mode of distributed technology innovation of complex products, basing on the technological innovation and resource integration of complex products, and treating resource contribution rate as a key parameter. It establishes multi-agent resource integration collaborative symbiosis model under distributed collaborative technology innovation mode based on symbiosis theory. And finds that some factors such as the basic attributes of the enterprise, the mutual influence of resources among enterprises and the behavior decision of the main manufacturer have some effects on the resource integration using stability analysis and simulation analysis, which provides a theoretical basis for the main manufacturer to optimize the behavior of suppliers’ resource integration.