2.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race Hybrids

Instantaneous frequency measurement devices are useful for conducting extremely fast measurements of the current frequency value of microwave signals, even if their duration is extremely short. This paper presents the principle of determination of temporary values of the microwave signal phase and frequency using interferometer techniques, based on passive microwave components. Additionally, the structures and results of measurements of two novel versions of integrated microwave correlators for microwave frequency discriminators, made on a single printed circuit board, are shown. Three Wilkinson-type, single-stage power dividers, and two rat-race hybrids create the developed correlators. The developed devices were designed to work over a wide frequency range, i.e., of 1.6–3.1 GHz, and can be used to monitor Wi-Fi devices as well as pulse and CW radar systems operating in the S band. They can also be applied in passive radars and active Doppler radars. The view of the printed circuits boards and results of measurements are presented. Recommendations for improving the accuracy of measurement are proposed.