“Fungsi Minyak Sebagai Penyembuh (Studi Eksegetis Injil Markus 6:13 dan Surat Yakobus 5: 14)”.

Target of this research is to know oil function as healer pursuant to epistle of Markus 6:13 and Letter of Yakobus 5: 14. Research method in writing of this erudite masterpiece is method qualitative namely with approach of study of eksegetis. In this peneltian will dig by oil function as healer in epistle of Markus 6:13 and Letter of Yakobus 5: 14 and cite other sentences related to nats dug, and also compare opinion all expert and analysing him/ it, later;then see its bearing. done/conducted Interpretation method it is of course by using stages;steps and condition interpretation of Bible, so that stages;steps weared by researcher shall be as follows: recognition of buku, text analysis, literal translation, common/ public context and special context, sentence interpretation per sentence, and skopus. Result of from study of eksegetis epistle of Markus 6:13 and Letter of Yakobus 5: 14 is oil have function as healer media to ill, which accompanied by the name of God. Keyword : Function, Oil, Healer

Target-Guided Structured Attention Network for Target-Dependent Sentiment Analysis

Target-dependent sentiment analysis (TDSA) aims to classify the sentiment of a text towards a given target. The major challenge of this task lies in modeling the semantic relatedness between a target and its context sentence. This paper proposes a novel Target-Guided Structured Attention Network (TG-SAN), which captures target-related contexts for TDSA in a fine-to-coarse manner. Given a target and its context sentence, the proposed TG-SAN first identifies multiple semantic segments from the sentence using a target-guided structured attention mechanism. It then fuses the extracted segments based on their relatedness with the target for sentiment classification. We present comprehensive comparative experiments on three benchmarks with three major findings. First, TG-SAN outperforms the state-of-the-art by up to 1.61% and 3.58% in terms of accuracy and Marco-F1, respectively. Second, it shows a strong advantage in determining the sentiment of a target when the context sentence contains multiple semantic segments. Lastly, visualization results show that the attention scores produced by TG-SAN are highly interpretable

Episteemilise modaalsuse leksikaalsete väljendusvahendite tajumisest: arvatavasti, äkki ja võib-olla

Kokkuvõte. Artiklis on vaatluse all episteemilise modaalsuse leksikaalsete väljendusvahendite (markerite) arvatavasti, võib-olla ja äkki tõenäosuse tajumine. Vaadeldakse, kui palju oleneb markerite tõenäosuse tajumine kontekstist, näiteks tugevast või nõrgast eeldusest ehk olemasoleva informatsiooni rohkusest, markeriga lause agendi soost ja keelevälistest teguritest ehk vastajate soost ja vanusest. Markerite tõenäosuse taju uurimiseks koostati internetikatse, millele vastas 328 eesti keelt kõnelevat inimest, kellest noorim oli alla 18-aastane ja vanim üle 60. Tulemustest selgus, et kolmest markerist tajutakse kõige tugevamat tõenäosust väljendavana markerit arvatavasti, pisut nõrgemana tunnetatakse võib-olla ja äkki tõenäosust. Kontekstil on markerite tõenäosuse tajumisel oluline roll: tõenäolisemana tajutakse lauseid, mille kontekst on tugevama eeldusega, mitmetähendusliku kontekstiga lauseid tajutakse aga hoopis nõrgema tõenäosusega. Markerite tõenäosuse tajumist mõjutavad ka keelevälised tegurid, nagu vastaja sugu ja vanus.Abstract. Laura Tüüts and Reili Argus: The comprehension of lexical epistemic markers: the Estonian adverbs arvatavasti (‘probably’), äkki (‘perhaps’) and võib-olla (‘maybe’). The paper analyses the comprehension of epistemic modality markers arvatavasti ‘probably’, võib-olla ‘maybe’ and äkki ‘perhaps’. The study focuses on the connections between the nature and the amount of context in the comprehension of epistemic markers which belong to the class of markers with average degree of certainty. In addition to the influence of context, factors like the gender of the agent in the context sentence, as well as the respondent’s gender, age, education and foreign language skills have been analysed according to different markers and context types. Answers of 328 Estonian-speaking respondents (aged 18–60) revealed that the marker arvatavasti ‘probably’ has the strongest epistemic value, while the other two markers under observation have a somewhat weaker epistemic value. Context has a big impact on the comprehension of all three markers: sentences with stronger premises were comprehended as expressing stronger certainty, and the sentences with ambiguous context were comprehended as expressing the weakest certainty. Factors like the gender of the agent in the context sentence as well as the respondent’s gender have some influence on the comprehension of epistemic markers, while factors like foreign language skills and education do not have such a strong effect on the comprehension of epistemic modality markers.Keywords: epistemic modality; lexical markers; comprehension of probability; Estonian

L1 EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION CAN IMPROVE L2 ONLINE AND OFFLINE PERFORMANCE

This study investigated the effectiveness of providing L1 explicit information (EI) with practice for making more accurate and faster interpretations of L2 FrenchImparfait(IMP). Two treatments were investigated: (a) “L2-only,” providing EI about the L2 with L2 interpretation practice, and (b) “L2+L1,” providing the exact same L2-only treatment and including EI about the L1 (English) with practice interpreting L1 features that are equivalent to the IMP. Fifty L2 French learners were randomly assigned to either L2-only, L2+L1, or a control group. Online (self-paced reading) and offline (context-sentence matching) measures from pretest, posttest, and delayed posttests showed that providing additional L1 EI and practice improved not only offline L2 accuracy, but also the speed of online L2 processing. To our knowledge, this makes original and significant contributions about the nature of EI with practice and the role of the L1 (Tolentino & Tokowicz, 2014), and it extends a recent line of research examining EI effects in online sentence processing (Andringa & Curcic, 2015).

What kind of priming is most effective in the processing of relative clauses in context?

This paper examines the influence of different kinds of preceding contexts on the processing of Chinese relative clauses (RCs). We systematically compared the processing of RCs in a canonical, non-canonical, and “null” context. This paper is the first to systematically examine three accounts of priming (the thematic pattern priming account proposed by Lin (2014), in addition to both the verb phrase constituent priming account and the syntactic position sequence priming account proposed by Fedorenko, Piantadosi, and Gibson (2012)) in RC processing. Results showed discrepancies between predictions from each priming account and the actual results. None of the three priming accounts could sufficiently explain the results in Chinese. Alternative possible explanations were suggested, including: (1) having a context makes RC reading more natural and frequency effects less obvious; (2) the NPs inside the RCs are primed by the original thematic roles or grammatical functions of same NPs in the critical context sentence; (3) an interplay of all three different kinds of priming in the processing of RCs in context may occur.