The Emergence of a Mixed Type Dialect: The Example of the Dialect of the Bani ˁAbbād Tribe (Jordan)

The present article aims at questioning the status of the šāwi dialect of the Bani ʕAbbād tribe by providing a new analysis of the main distinctive phonological, morphological, and syntactical traits which may hint at dialect mixing. The data provided by the field research, based on a functional framework that relies on descriptive linguistics and a typological approach, show that this dialect is deeply affected by a koineizing tendency due to increasing contacts with the populations of the neighboring areas (especially ʕAmmān and Salṭ) which, in turn, leads to the gradual loss of its authentic features. Finally, this paper discusses whether the dialect of the Bani ʕAbbād should still be considered as belonging to the yigūl group (recently renamed Central Bedouin ygūlu) of the Syro-Mesopotamian sheep-raising tribes or if a new typology of mixed type dialects should eventually be adopted for the dialects displaying important markers of both Bedouin and sedentary types.

إمالة "تاء التأنيث": دراسة موازنة بين قراءة الكسائي، ولهجة مدينة نابلس.

ذا البحث هو دراسة تندرج تحت علم اللهجات-Dialectology، الذي يرتبط بعلم اللسانيات الوصفية-Descriptive Linguistics، ويتناول حكم إمالة "تاء التأنيث" في اللهجة المحكية المعاصرة في مدينة نابلس، ومدى ارتباطها باللهجات العربية القديمة، وذلك من خلال مقارنة هذا النوع من الإمالة مع ما ورد في قراءة الكسائي، وهي من القراءات الصحيحة المتواترة عن رسول الله –صلى الله عليه وسلم-، التي قرأ بها ابن مسعود، وأقرأها للناس. واعتمدت، في دراستي، على منهجين: المنهج الوصفي، والمنهج التاريخي، ثم قمت بتحليل المعطيات بغية الوصول إلى نتائج دقيقة، نستطيع بوساطتها تفسير بعض السّمات الصوتية للهجة النابلسية، والتدليل على أن هذه اللهجة تعود، في أصولها، إلى لهجات القبائل العربية التي نزلت في مِنطقة بلاد الشام.

FROM FACTOR THEORY TO ACTOR THEORY- A NEW READING IN ARABIC GRAMMAR -

This research aims to reconsider the theoretical approach to grammatical rules according to a new vision derived from serious attempts in our rich scientific heritage from the references of Ibn Jinni the grammar (d. Academic teaching for many years, and the findings of descriptive linguistics in the present era, blending these trends in a new theoretical direction, in building the theory of Arabic grammar on a descriptive basis, relying on the verbal verb of the speaker in directing the syntactic movements on the last words; In order to facilitate the learners and an innovation in theorizing, which is a feature of the age in various sciences, we have divided this research into three topics, the first of which is the elevations, the second is the posts, and the last of which is the tracts. Heritage, adhering to the sober principle in preserving the language, facilitating its learning, and dealing with it in new ways that have the spirit of heritage, and the approach of the future.

Grammaticalization of some Postpositional Enclitics in Kanuri written Texts

This paper examines strategies and concepts of postpositional clitics in Kanuri. clitics in Kanuri within the broad framework of descriptive linguistics. The study adopts the works of Zwicky and Pullum (1983), Anderson (2005) and Spencer and Luis (2012) as its analytic models. The primary sources of data collection are Kanuri written texts: Sǝmonǝm wuro sarugǝsǝne by Norbert Cyffer and Nyariwa Kanuribe by Shettima Bukar Abba and John Hutchison. These two texts are collection of stories written in the yerwa dialect of Kanuri. All the various places where the postpositional particles –ro, -lan,-ma and -ga occurred are identified and extracted for presentation and analysis. The outcome of the study reveals that these particles can be encliticized to lexical words in Kanuri to express different functions. These particles –ro, lan, ga and ma virtually attach to every grammatical categories of words in Kanuri i.e. nouns, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs to express different functions while the Emphatic =ma can be used as focus marker in Kanuri.

LINGUISTIK MODERN PERSEPEKTIF DOKTOR MAHMUD FAHMI AL-HIJAZI

Linguistics is the study of language scientifically. In his study, linguistics has the scope of studies and methods of study. The scope of linguistic studies is phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Phonology research is the study of language sounds. Morphology is the field of linguistics that studies about word formation and morphemes in a language. Syntax is the study of the structure of language. And the last semantics is the study of meaning. While the methodology of linguistic studies are comparative linguistics, descriptive linguistics, historical linguistics, and contrastive linguistics.

Qualities of a good essay: an assessment of the writings of Nigerian undergraduates

This research sought to discover the capabilities of Nigerian undergraduates in handling the salient characteristics of essay in English. Such qualities as clarity, economy, simplicity, unity and coherence were the variables in the assessment. The study was conducted within the framework of the theory of descriptive linguistics and its sub-discipline of stylistics. Four topics representing argumentative, descriptive, expository and narrative essays were given to students for each of them to voluntarily choose one and write on in a strictly supervised writing test. All the essays were marked on the above stated variables. Critical case sampling strand of the purposive sampling was used to select four outstanding essays each representing one of the four departments of the Akwa Ibom State University of Nigeria. Paragraph and sentence formed some of the units of analysis. It was found out that the four subjects whose essays were analyzed proved their mettle in producing readable and creative prose in the four genres with some room for improvement. It is suggested that the Use of English programme in Nigerian universities should be extended from one to two years in addition to regular practice in writing by students and feedback from lecturers.

A Indeterminação do Sujeito na Linguística Descritiva: Novas Abordagens e Estratégias Alternativas / The Indeterminacy of the Subject in Descriptive Linguistics: New Approaches and Alternative Strategies

Este artigo consiste em uma releitura de algumas das importantes produções descritivas que tratam do fenômeno de indeterminação do sujeito no Português Brasileiro. Busca-se, com a presente análise, reunir algumas das discussões, presentes em abordagens alternativas à gramática tradicional, levantadas por pesquisadores da Linguística que consideram e contemplam estratégias de indeterminação do sujeito complementares às recorrentemente apresentadas pelos cânones. Trata-se, de uma pesquisa exploratória e de cunho bibliográfico, seguindo, portanto, os procedimentos de seleção, releitura, síntese e comparação dos resultados obtidos e posterior discussão dos resultados. Para efeito de fundamentação teórica, consideramos, dentre outras, as abordagens de Galves e Fernandes (2006), Mioto (2004), Sândalo (2001), Perini (2010), Bechara (2010) dos quais adotamos os conceitos e classificações de sujeito que nortearam a escrita deste texto.