Discussion on the Hill Formula

Purpose The purpose of this study reported in this paper was to find the correct Mt/M8 and Dt/a2 data lists of Hill Formula. This paper enumerates several kinds of Hill formula data lists presented in different literatures, and the authors hope to draw the correct conclusion. Design/methodology/approach The eight different forms collected in the research project were compared. The mathematician was asked to give a suggestion from a professional point of view and to arrive at a conclusion. Findings In all eight cases, the third, the eighth and seventh cases are consistent and are considered reasonable and correct. Research limitations/implications First-hand information was not used because of unavailability of the earliest published version of the Hill formula. Practical implications It is helpful to the correct application of Hill formula and the calculation of diffusion coefficient. It is also valuable to the study of dyeing kinetics. Originality/value The research helps to reduce and avoid the confusion in the application of Hill formula in dyeing kinetics research.

The influence of surfactant structure on the dyeing of polyamide knitting with acid dyes

The influence of nonionic and anionic surfactants on the dyeing kinetics of polyamide 6 knitting was studied in this work. The influence of surfactants on the dyeing process is presented by determining the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of dyeing. Nonionic surfactants create unstable polydisperse associates which reduce the concentration of individual ionic forms of dyes in the solution, slowing down the dyeing process, with the dyeing having higher leveling. Interactions were confirmed by measuring the cloud point of nonionic surfactants and they are stronger with more hydrophobic dye and are related to the results of the studied dyeing kinetics. The anionic surfactant as a retarding agent, which behaves like a colorless dye in the studied dyeing system, makes a significant contribution even at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 g/dm3, indicating the conclusion that the surfactant concentration in a dyeing solution should be optimized by previous trials, so that the process would be efficient with high utilization of dye.

Dyeing Kinetics of Collagen Modified PAN Fiber

PAN fiber is one that contains at least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile co-monomer in the polymer chain. It has low moisture-absorbency and electrostatic tendency. The moisture regain of collagen modified PAN fiber is increased. Dyeing kinetics of collagen modified PAN fiber was studied using Cationic Red X-GRL dyes, including dyeing rate curve, equilibrium dyeing uptake, half dyeing time, dyeing rate constant and diffusion coefficient. The results show that: compared with PAN fiber, the equilibrium dye uptake decreased, half dyeing time, dyeing rate constant and diffusion coefficient reduced, and the dyeing behavior of collagen modified PAN fiber become worse than that of PAN fiber.

Dyeing Kinetics of Henna Natural Dyestuff on Protein Fabric

Dyeing kinetics of natural dyes extracted from leaves of henna on protein fiber fabric was studied, dyeing rate curve, the diffusion coefficient and the half dyeing time was obtained. The results showed that, at the same time and the same dyeing conditions, higher equilibrium dye uptake of wool fiber was achieved than that of the silk fabric. It indicated that wool fibers has better dyeing properties than that of silk fiber. A larger diffusion coefficient, the shorter half dyeing time of dyestuff on silk fabric than that on wool fabric illustrated that the initial dyeing rate of silk fabric is higher than wool fabric.