HISTOPATOLOGI JANTUNG TIKUS PADA TOKSISITAS SUB KRONIS EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% KULIT BUAH JERUK Citrus nobilis Lour.

This research aimed to study the histopathological heart rat of sub chronic toxicity 70% ethanol extract Citrus nobilis Lourr. Peel. This study used 40 male white Galur Wistar rats in sub-chronic toxicity and each divided into 4 groups (control group giving CMC Na 0,5%, dose group 40 mg/kg BB, dose group 200 mg/kg BB, and dose group 1000 mg/kb BB). Each group consists of 10 males. Each cage contains 5 rats of the same age and gender, fed and drunk in ad libitum method. Furthermore, the rats are being weighing in. 70% extraction of Citrus nobilis Lour peel is orally given to the rats, every day for 90 days accordance with the group. After rats were given dose treatment for 90 days then observed histopathology of heart. Each rat organ preparation was observed in five different fields of view then scored and processed with rank ratings then analyzed using non parametric statistical test using Kruskal Wallis test. 70% extraction of Citrus nobilis Lour peel for 90 days with a dose of 1000mg / kg of rats based on statistical tests showed damaged heart muscle cell on histopathological observation of the heart. It is then expected to continue on the chronic toxicity test of 70% extraction of Citrus nobilis Lour peel for 12 months to predict the safety of clinical use in humans in the long term. Key word: heart, Citrus nobilis Lour.of peel, sub chronic toxicity

Loss of mouse cardiomyocyte talin-1 and talin-2 leads to β-1 integrin reduction, costameric instability, and dilated cardiomyopathy

Continuous contraction–relaxation cycles of the heart require strong and stable connections of cardiac myocytes (CMs) with the extracellular matrix (ECM) to preserve sarcolemmal integrity. CM attachment to the ECM is mediated by integrin complexes localized at the muscle adhesion sites termed costameres. The ubiquitously expressed cytoskeletal protein talin (Tln) is a component of muscle costameres that links integrins ultimately to the sarcomere. There are two talin genes, Tln1 and Tln2. Here, we tested the function of these two Tln forms in myocardium where Tln2 is the dominant isoform in postnatal CMs. Surprisingly, global deletion of Tln2 in mice caused no structural or functional changes in heart, presumably because CM Tln1 became up-regulated. Tln2 loss increased integrin activation, although levels of the muscle-specific β1D-integrin isoform were reduced by 50%. With this result, we produced mice that had simultaneous loss of both CM Tln1 and Tln2 and found that cardiac dysfunction occurred by 4 wk with 100% mortality by 6 mo. β1D integrin and other costameric proteins were lost from the CMs, and membrane integrity was compromised. Given that integrin protein reduction occurred with Tln loss, rescue of the phenotype was attempted through transgenic integrin overexpression, but this could not restore WT CM integrin levels nor improve heart function. Our results show that CM Tln2 is essential for proper β1D-integrin expression and that Tln1 can substitute for Tln2 in preserving heart function, but that loss of all Tln forms from the heart-muscle cell leads to myocyte instability and a dilated cardiomyopathy.

GAMBARAN KADAR HEMATOKRIT DAN HEMOGLOBIN PADA KEJADIAN INFARK MIOKARD AKUT (IMA) DI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JANUARI - AGUSTUS 2014

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or better known as a heart attack is a condition where the blood supply to a part of the heart stops so that the heart muscle cell death. Acute myocardial infarction is one of the most common diagnosis in developed countries. The rate of initial mortality (30 days) at the IMA is 30% with more than half of the deaths occur before the patient reaches the hospital. Methods - This research is a retrospective descriptive study. Samples were adult patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction who were treated in RSUP Prof. Dr R. D. Kandou. Results - Overview hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the department of Prof. Dr. RD Kandou Manado period January - August 2014 hemodilution patients get as many as 19 people (61.3%) and patients with normal hematocrit many as 12 people (38.7% ). In addition, for an overview of hemoglobin by age and sex obtained anemia patients by 5 people (16.1%) and patients with normal hemoglobin many as 26 people (83.9%). Conclusions - AMI patients in RSUP Prof. Dr RD Kandou Manado period January-August 2014 are subjected to low hematocrit (hemodilution) and normal hemoglobin.Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, hematocrit, hemoglobinAbstrak: Infark miokard akut (IMA) atau yang lebih dikenal dengan serangan jantung adalah suatu keadaan dimana suplai darah pada suatu bagian jantung terhenti sehingga sel otot jantung mengalami kematian. Infark miokard akut merupakan salah satu diagnosis rawat inap tersering di negara maju. Laju mortalitas awal (30 hari) pada IMA adalah 30% dengan lebih dari separuh kematian terjadi sebelum pasien mencapai Rumah Sakit. Metode - Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif. Sampel penelitian ini adalah penderita dewasa yang menderita infark miokard akut yang dirawat di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou. Hasil - Gambaran kadar hematokrit dan hemoglobin pada kejadian infark miokard akut di RSUP Prof DR RD Kandou Manado periode januari – agustus 2014 didapatkan pasien hemodilusi sebanyak 19 orang (61,3%) dan pasien hematokrit normal sebanyak 12 orang (38,7%). Selain itu, untuk gambaran hemoglobin berdasarkan umur dan jenis kelamin didapatkan pasien yang anemia sebanyak 5 orang (16,1%) dan pasien hemoglobin normal sebanyak 26 orang (83,9%). Simpulan - Pasien IMA di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode januari-agustus 2014 sebagian besar mengalami hematokrit rendah (hemodilusi) dan hemoglobin normal.Kata kunci: infark miokard akut, hematokrit, hemoglobin