Testing a device for starting an internal combustion engine at low temperature and prospects for its application

The starting of the internal combustion engine in conditions of low and critically low ambient temperatures is considered. It is shown that a successful start of an internal combustion engine can be ensured by creating a fuel-air mixture with a high temperature outside the engine compartment. The design of a device for creating such mixture and research experimental data are presented. A new scheme of the starting device is proposed, which can be integrated into various types of internal combustion engines. Keywords: internal combustion engine, starting, low temperature, operation. [email protected]

Design and Analysis of Automatic Fire Extinguisher for Vehicles

These days there is a rapid increase in automobile utilization in urban and rural areas, along with this there is an increase in the number of accidents related to automobiles. Apart from user/ driver related accidents a large number of other reasons cause fires in automobiles. Three components are needed to make a fire, Oxygen, Fuel and a source of ignition. Car fires are usually caused due to issues associated with fuel, electrical systems, the exhaust system and petroleum based fluids. By far though, the biggest causes of vehicle fires are fuel (gasoline) related. The source of fire can be external or within the vehicle itself. Vehicle fires used to be quite common. Back in 1980’s there were 456,000 car fires. In 1978 a big issue occurred with Pintos catching on fire. This led the manufacturers to look at what design changes in vehicles will limit the three elements of the fire triangle from coming together. Our project aims to design a device which automatically detect fire in vehicles and suppress them to prevent further damage to the vehicle. The device which contains sensors and an extinguisher and a microprocessor can be placed under the hood of vehicles near the engine compartment and works when the engine (or any other part) catches fire. This application minimizes the possibility of death or injury and loss of property due to fire accidents in vehicles.

Comparative Study on CFD Turbulence Models for the Flow Field in Air Cooled Radiator

This paper compares the performances of three Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) turbulence models, Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS), Detached Eddy Simulation (DES), and Large Eddy Simulation (LES), for simulating the flow field of a wheel loader engine compartment. The distributions of pressure fields, velocity fields, and vortex structures in a hybrid-grided engine compartment model are analyzed. The result reveals that the LES and DES can capture the detachment and breakage of the trailing edge more abundantly and meticulously than RANS. Additionally, by comparing the relevant calculation time, the feasibility of the DES model is proved to simulate the three-dimensional unsteady flow of engine compartment efficiently and accurately. This paper aims to provide a guiding idea for simulating the transient flow field in the engine compartment, which could serve as a theoretical basis for optimizing and improving the layout of the components of the engine compartment.

CHARACTERISTIC OF MODERN POLYMER MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

The article describes the advantages of using modern polymer materials for the manufacture of auto parts in the automotive industry. The authors have developed and presented a systematization of modern polymer materials, which are most often used in the automotive industry for the manufacture of both body and engine compartment (under hood) parts, and parts for internal equipment of a car. The studies made it possible for the authors to introduce a characteristic of the modern polymer materials properties that could to be used for the manufacture of a particular car part, as well as indicate brief chemical names (abbreviations) of polymer materials and their compositions (taking into account the requirements of world practice), indicating some properties, namely: heating resistance, solubility in organic solvents, etc. It is indicated that the use of polymer materials in the automotive industry is based directly on the properties of the polymer material and the requirements for a particular auto part. In one of the tables, a list of polymer materials and parts that are made of a certain type of polymer material is outlined, in another table the information on feedback regarding the variation of polymer materials in the process of manufacturing a specific car part is gathered. Special attention is paid to the example of deciphering the stamp meaning, which is stamped on the inner surface of some polymer parts. The stamp reflects information on the type of polymer material from which the auto part is made, the presence of fillers and amplifiers in its composition, as well as their percentage. In addition, a list of the main types of modified polypropylene, a brief designations of polypropylene various modifications and their application in the automotive industry are presented. For the ease of use while forensic practice, the information on the properties and possibilities of using the most commonly used polymer materials in the automotive industry is summarized in table.

Application of the multi-field coupling enhanced heat transfer principle to the engine compartment design of clean gas bus

Clean gas engines, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) engines, have high thermal loads on parts under equivalent specific combustion. This study examines the multi-field coupling enhanced heat transfer principle and its applications to the engine compartment of a typical LPG city bus. The field synergy enhanced heat transfer principle (FSP) was applied in the radiator assembly area. The FSP model yielded an optimum velocity -temperature gradient matching field that would improve convective heat transfer in this area. To strengthen the convective heat transfer ability of the limited cooling air in the cabin, temperature field homogenization (TFH) in the core flow region of the engine block area was achieved. The TFH optimization model helped minimize the temperature gradient in the core flow region and maximize it at the heat transfer boundary, and the optimum vector field and flow path were obtained. More comprehensive changes to the structural design were made according to the multi-field coupling enhanced heat transfer principles. The simulation results showed that in the comprehensive structure, the heat transfer efficiency of the radiator increased by 14.66 %, the average temperature of the air passages in the engine block area decreased by 22.23 %, and the heat dissipation coefficient of the engine body and engine cover increased by 4.60 times and 3.49 times, respectively.

MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF HOSE ASSEMBLY ROUTING FOR VEHICLES

This paper presents a method for multi-objective optimization of hose assembly routing. Hose routing is a non-trivial task which demand a lot of iterations, especially with the increased complexity in modern vehicles. The proposed method utilizes design automation through multi-objective optimization of routing assemblies containing multiple hoses. The method is intended as a decision support and automation-tool, that reduces the number of iterations needed. The method has been implemented and tested on a case, concerning a set of hoses in an engine compartment, showing credible results.

PENERAPAN PENGATURAN PEMBUANGAN LIMBAH MINYAK KE LAUT OLEH KAPAL TANKER DILIHAT DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA

AbstrakPencemaran lingkungan laut karena minyak bumi umumnya bersumber dari kapal tanker, baik yang berasal dari tangki bahan bakar kapal itu sendiri atau minyak kotor yang terdapat di dalam kamar mesin maupun minyak sebagai kargo (muatan). Pencemaran laut dapat berdampak sangat luas terhadap segala kehidupan baik di laut maupun daratan yang terkena pencemaran, sehingga adanya pemikiran siapa yang akan memberikan ganti rugi apabila terjadi pencemaran laut perlu diatur secara jelas. Pengaturan mengenai tanggung jawab pencemaran laut bagi kapal-kapal yang mengangkut minyak sebagai muatan (tanker) terdapat dalam Civil Liability Convention 1969. Upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan pencemaran laut telah dilakukan oleh Indonesia dengan meratifikasi beberapa konvensi internasional seperti Civil Liability Convention 1969. Bagi Negara peserta Civil Liability Convention 1969, langkah-langkah yuridis yang perlu disiapkan adalah menyusun dan menetapkan ketentuan peraturan nasional di bidang pencemaran lingkungan laut dan/atau perairan di sekitarnya, dalam hal ini ketentuan peraturan oleh masing-masing Negara peserta disesuaikan dengan kebutuhannya dengan berpegang atau berpedoman pada tatanan hukum internasional yang berlaku. AbstractThe marine environmental pollution due to oil are generally sourced from the tanker, both derived from the fuel tank of the vessels itself or dirty oil inside engine compartment and oil as cargo. Marine environmental pollution can impact very broadly against all life either in the sea or land affected by the pollution, so any thought of who would provide compensation in the event of marine environmental pollution needs to be clearly regulated. The regulation of marine environmental pollution liability for vessels that carry oil as cargo (tanker) are regulated in Civil Liability Convention 1969 (CLC 1969). The Preventions and controls of marine pollution have been made by Indonesia to ratify several international Conventions such as Civil Liability Convention 1969. For the member states of Civil Liability Convention 1969, juridical measures that need to be prepared is to compose and establish national regulations in the field of marine environmental pollution and/or the surrounding waters, in the provisions of regulation by each the member states needs to be adjusted to hold or guided by existing international legal order.