Eco-Friendly Cotton/Linen Fabric Treatment Using Aqueous Ozone and Ultraviolet Photolysis

Chemicals for the scouring and bleaching of fabrics have a high environmental load. In addition, in recent years, the high consumption of these products has become a problem in the manufacture of natural fabric products. Therefore, environmentally friendly, low-waste processes for fabric treatment are required. In this paper, we discuss the bleaching of fabrics using advanced oxidation processes (AOP). These processes use electrochemically generated aqueous ozone and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to achieve bleaching. However, colour reversion often occurs. In this study, we suppressed unwanted colour reversion by treatment with rongalite. After treatment, changes in fabric colour were determined by measuring the colour difference and reflectance spectra. The best bleaching effect was obtained when ozone and UV irradiation treatments were combined, achieving results similar to those of a conventional bleaching method after 60 min of UV irradiation. In addition, the AOP treatment resulted in the simultaneous scouring of the fabric, as shown by the increased hydrophilicity of the fabric after AOP treatment. Thus, this AOP process represents a new fabric bleaching process that has an extremely low environmental impact.

Clinical effect of 3.0% hydrogen peroxide containing bleaching patch with primer in a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Background: To clinically evaluate the efficacy and safety of a primer that contains taurine and self-bleaching patches containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide.Methods: Overall, 55 participants were selected in this double-blinded randomized clinical trial between March and May 2019. Bleaching patches containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide were attached using the primer on the labial surface of the upper six anterior teeth for 30 min once daily. △E* values of color changes were measured using Shade Eye NCC for determining the efficacy of bleaching on days 3, 5, 7, and 10 before and after attachment. The safety was assessed using gingival index and visual analog scale for tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation, respectively.Results: △E* values were visibly detected from day 7 after the attachment of patches, and the bleaching effect was identifiable. No statistically significant difference was observed in the gingival index (p = 0.069), tooth sensitivity (p = 0.983), and gingival irritation (p = 0.518).Conclusions: When the self-bleaching patches using 3.0% hydrogen peroxide with the primers were attached for 30 min once daily, visible bleaching effect was observed from day 7 of attachment, and it was verified to be safe for use without any significant adverse effect.Clinical Relevance: This study was conducted after securing safety for clinical trials.Trial registration: ISRCTN63650330

ANALYSIS OF METHODS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF MOLASSES FOR OBTAINING ALTERNATIVE FUELS

Рассмотрены современные исследования зарубежных ученых в области получения альтернативных видов топлива этанола, водорода и метана из мелассы. На основе анализа публикаций установлено, что максимального содержания этанола в смеси 60 г/л можно достичь в проточных реакторах. Выработка водорода, зависящая от используемых микроорганизмов и составляющая 1 12 моль H2/моль применяемого сахарида, в настоящий момент является нерентабельной. Для обесцвечивания мелассы и производственных стоков предприятий после ее переработки предлагаются различные методы мембранная фильтрация, электрофентон, добавление бентонитов кальция и натрия. Наибольший эффект обесцвечивания мелассы достигается мембранной фильтрацией и электрофентоном до 88, обработка бентонитом позволяет при максимальном эффекте обесцвечивания 29 39 снизить мутность стоков на 98. Modern studies of foreign scientists in the field of alternative fuels ethanol, hydrogen and methane from molasses are considered. Based on the analysis of publications it was found that the maximum ethanol content in the mixture 60 g/l can be achieved in flow reactors. Hydrogen production, which depends on the microorganisms used and is 1 12 mol H2/mol of the saccharide used, is currently unprofitable. Different methods membrane filtration, elektrofenton, the addition of bentonite of calcium and sodium is proposed for decolorizing molasses wastewater and production companies after its processing. The greatest effect of bleaching the molasses is achieved by membrane filtration and elektrofenton up to 88, processing by bentonite allows for maximum bleaching effect 29 39 reduce in turbidity of wastewater by 98.