Genetic diversity and population structure of advanced clones selected over forty years by a potato breeding program in the USA

Knowledge regarding genetic diversity and population structure of breeding materials is essential for crop improvement. The Texas A&M University Potato Breeding Program has a collection of advanced clones selected and maintained in-vitro over a 40-year period. Little is known about its genetic makeup and usefulness for the current breeding program. In this study, 214 potato clones were genotyped with the Infinium Illumina 22 K V3 Potato Array. After filtering, a total of 10,106 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers were used for analysis. Heterozygosity varied by SNP, with an overall average of 0.59. Three groups of tetraploid clones primarily based on potato market classes, were detected using STRUCTURE software and confirmed by discriminant analysis of principal components. The highest coefficient of differentiation observed between the groups was 0.14. Signatures of selection were uncovered in genes controlling potato flesh and skin color, length of plant cycle and tuberization, and carbohydrate metabolism. A core set of 43 clones was obtained using Core Hunter 3 to develop a sub-collection that retains similar genetic diversity as the whole population, minimize redundancies, and facilitates long-term conservation of genetic resources. The comprehensive molecular characterization of our breeding clone bank collection contributes to understanding the genetic diversity of existing potato resources. This analysis could be applied to other breeding programs and assist in the selection of parents, fingerprinting, protection, and management of the breeding collections.

University of Florida Potato Variety Trials Spotlight: 'Red LaSoda'

‘Red LaSoda’ is a red-skinned fresh market potato standard for Florida. ‘Red LaSoda’ was first observed in 1949 as a deep red mutant of ‘LaSoda’, a progeny of ‘Triumph’ and ‘Katahdin’, in the Louisiana potato breeding program. ‘Red LaSoda’ was released by the USDA and the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station in 1953. Production and quality results provided here are summarized from various fresh-market trials conducted by the University of Florida’s Hastings Agricultural Extension Center from 1998 to 2019.This is a minor revision of HS323 with an added author, last updated 12/2016.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs323

Screening for Resistance to PVY in Australian Potato Germplasm

Potatoes are an important human food crop, but have a number of yield limiting factors, including disease susceptibility. Potato virus Y (PVY) is found worldwide, and is one of the main virus problems for potato growers. PVY is transmitted by aphids and mechanically by machinery, tools and people, and symptoms are variable across cultivars and strains, including being symptomless in some cultivars. Therefore, breeding resistant cultivars is the best way to control this virus. This study phenotypically screened 74 of the main commercial cultivars and a few other select cultivars grown in Australia, in order to identify sources of resistance to PVY. The cultivars were screened against PVYO and PVYNTN, with 23 out of 71 resistant to PVYO and 13 out of 74 resistant to PVYNTN, and all these 13 were resistant to both strains. When the phenotypic screening was compared to the results listed on the European Cultivated Potato Database, the majority of results were found to be consistent. We then evaluated three molecular markers RYSC3, M45, and STM0003 for the extreme resistance genes Ryadg and Rysto, to validate the usefulness of the markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) on Australian germplasm. The degree of correlation between the resistance phenotypes and the RYSC3, M45, and STM0003 markers for Ryadg and Rysto conferred PVY resistance was determined. Three cultivars amplified the RYSC3 marker, while the M45 marker amplified the same 3 and an additional 9. Of the 12 cultivars, 11 phenotyped as resistant, but 1 was susceptible. The STM0003 marker was amplified from only 2 cultivars that both had resistant phenotypes. The RYSC3, M45, and STM0003 markers were therefore able to identify all the 13 cultivars that were resistant to both strains of PVY. Therefore, these markers will enable the identification of genotypes with resistance to PVY, and enable PVY resistant parents to be used for the development of superior progeny; these genetic markers can be used for MAS in the Australian potato breeding program.

Karakterisasi dan Seleksi 139 Galur Kentang

<p>Characterization and Selection of 139 Potato Lines. One of the ways of increasing genetic variability in potato is interspecific hybridization to obtain new potato lines. This lines should then be characterized and used to obtain new breeding materials for potato breeding program. A total of 139 potato lines were planted at Cibodas-Lembang (1,300 m asl), from June 2004 to October 2004 without replication with population number of 5 plants per line. The result showed that (1) Generally the planted lines were round tuber shape (61.9%), yellow skin (98.6%), shallow eyes (71.2%), and light tuber weight per plant (89.2%); (2) 18 potato lines were selected as new breeding materials (13%).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Salah satu cara untuk menciptakan keragaman genetik pada tanaman kentang adalah melalui hibridisasi antarspesies. Selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi galur yang dihasilkan. Diharapkan hasil karakterisasi dapat digunakan sebagai materi dalam perakitan varietas baru. Penanaman galur kentang hasil hibridisasi dilakukan di Cibodas, Lembang (1.300 m dpl), pada bulan Juni-Oktober 2004. Jumlah materi yang ditanam sebanyak 139 galur kentang, tanpa ulangan, dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak lima tanaman per galur. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa (1) secara umum galur yang ditanam mempunyai umbi berbentuk bulat (61,9%), berwarna kuning (98,6%), mata dangkal (71,2%), dan bobot umbi ringan (89,2%); (2) sebanyak 18 galur (13%) terpilih untuk digunakan sebagai materi pemuliaan lebih lanjut.</p>

Detection of molecular markers linked to Ry genes in potato germplasm for marker-assisted selection for extreme resistance to PVY in AAFC’s potato breeding program

Molecular markers reported to be linked to extreme resistance (ER) against Potato virus Y (PVY) were evaluated in potato germplasm. YES3-3A and YES3-3B, markers linked to Rysto, were detected in ‘Barbara’ and its three descendants that exhibit ER to PVY; RYSC3, a marker linked to Ryadg, was detected in breeding clones NY121 and NY123. Assessment of RYSC3 as a marker for selection for Ryadg-mediated ER validated its efficacy in identification of selections with ER to PVY.