Combination of photocatalytic degradation and adsorption in dye removal by TiO2-chitosan-glycerol beads under natural sunlight

The synthesis of TiO2-chitosan-glycerol (TiCsG) beads was prepared to determine the optimum condition for dye removal under natural sunlight. By using the orthogonal array design with five parameters (ratio of TiO2/Chitosan, initial concentration of dyes, pH of solution, irradiation time, dose of TiCsG) to analyze their interaction such as well as optimizing the photocatalytic process. The significant parameters influent in the removal of Acid Blue 193, MO, NWY dyes were irradiation time (p = 0.011) and the ratio of TiO2/chitosan (p = 0.025), while the initial concentration of dyes, pH of dye solution and dose of TiCsG were unimportant factors with p > 0.05. The optimum of factors based on the ratio of signal per noise to attain the highest dye removal ability of TiCsG was the percentage of TiO2/chitosan = 2 % w/w (level 2), initial concentration of dye at level 5 (10 mg/L of AB 193, 5 mg/L for MO and 100 mg/L for NWY), pH =4.5 (level 2), irradiation time =1.5 h (level 5) and dose of TiCsG =0.2 g/mL (level 4).

A Review On Investigation Of Process Parameters Of Mig Welding Machine

This paper discusses about the investigation of process parameters of MIG welding of various parts of a material. The main purpose of the experiment is; to study the role of Voltage, Welding Current & Shielding Gas Flow Rate on the various responses like Welding Penetration, Surface Roughness, Hardness & Ultimate Tensile Strength of the finalized material. The responses are calculated using the variety of orthogonal array design, followed by the priority of response table prepared by the Taguchi approach. The various responses are analyzed by the Response Table, as handled using ANOVA. The regression model is well executed. Hence, the optimization of the process parameters was executed. With optimization, the effect of various process parameters on the responses can be easily studied and a well satisfied relationship is maintained between them.

Optimisation of the Sublimation Textile Printing Process Using the Taguchi Method

In this paper, printing parameters for the sublimation printing of polyester fabrics like the number of strokes, the sublimation paper weight in grams per square metre, the fusing temperature and time were optimised using the Tauguchi experimental design technique. In the evaluations the signal-to-noise ratio was used. Sixteen experiments were performed with respect to the L 16 Orthogonal array design for the Tauguchi approach. The results show a considerable improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio as compared to the initial conditions. Through this study, not only can optimum printing conditions for sublimation printed polyester fabrics be obtained but also the significant factors that affect water vapour resistance.

Application of the statistical Taguchi method to optimize the properties of WC preforms to produce W-ZrC composites using reactive infiltration by molten Zr2 Cu

In this work, an orthogonal array design (OAD), OA16, was utilized to study the parameters statistically for the fabrication of WC preforms. The effects of prominent parameters of gel-casting i.e., gelation agent (sodium alginate to calcium phosphate ratio), size of initial WC powder, WC powder loading and also two other parameters such as pre-sintering temperature and time on the relative density, porosity and flexural strength of the WC preforms were examined. The effects of these factors on WC preforms were investigated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of ANOVA showed that the size of initial WC powder as the most significant parameter affecting the porosity and flexural strength. Flexural strength of 33 MPa and porosity of 51% were achieved for the WC preform with 25 vol.% WC, size of initial powder of 0.9 [Formula: see text]m, pre-sintering temperature of [Formula: see text]C and pre-sintering time of 4 h. XRD results and SEM micrographs of the optimized WC preforms and the resulted W–ZrC composite showed a uniform porous microstructure and uniform distribution of phases (W and ZrC), respectively.

Optimization of Levulinic acid production from groundnut shell using Taguchi orthogonal array design

The exploitation of lignocellulosic biomass is receiving an increasing attention due to its renewability, abundance and low price value, and can be converted into various valuable platform compounds such as furfural, lactic acid, formic acid and levulinic acid. Among these products, levulinic acid (LA) is the main compound of biomass hydrolysis, which has been classified by the United States Department of Energy as one of the top-12 promising building blocks. This work reported the transformation of groundnut shell into LA. The production of LA was carried out in a 50 cm3 Teflon lined stainless steel reactor. The LA produced was extracted from the aqueous mixture using ethyl acetate, about 1g of sodium sulphate anhydrous were added to remove the water in the organic layer after the aqueous layer was drained and then heated at a temperature of about 78 oC for the solvent to evaporate and LA was the residue. The production process was optimized using a Taguchi orthogonal array design, with optimum yield of 74.54 % at reaction conditions of temperature (180 °C), time (3.5 h), and acid concentration (0.3 M). The FT-IR spectrum of the produced LA showed absorption at about 1705.13 cm-1 and 3039.91 cm-1 indicating the conjugated carbonyl and the hydroxyl of carboxylic acid functional group. It was recommended that high yields of LA can be achieved across a range of optimization variables as long as two out of the three conditions are met: high acid catalyst concentration, long reaction time or high temperature within the range tested, as LA is relatively stable once formed. Moreover, the results obtained revealed that groundnut shell could be a potential substrate for levulinic acid production. Keywords: Groundnut shell, Levulinic acid, Optimization, Hydrolysis, Taguchi design.

Formulation Development of Tamoxifen Loaded Lipid Nanoparticle by Taguchi (L12 (2 11)) Orthogonal Array Design

Background: A better understanding of the biopharmaceutical and physicochemical properties of drugs and the pharmaco-technical factors would be of great help for developing pharmaceutical products. But, it is extremely difficult to study the effect of each variable and interaction among them through the conventional approach Objective: To screen the most influential factors affecting the particle size (PS) of lipid nanoparticle (LNPs) (solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)) for poorly water-soluble BCS class-II drug like tamoxifen (TMX) to improve its oral bioavailability and to reduce its toxicity to tolerable limits using Taguchi (L12 (2 11)) orthogonal array design by applying computer optimization technique. Results: The size of all LNPs formulations prepared as per the experimental design varied between 172 nm and 3880 μm, polydispersity index between 0.033 and 1.00, encapsulation efficiency between 70.8% and 75.7%, and drug loading between 5.84% and 9.68%. The study showed spherical and non-spherical as well as aggregated and non-aggregated LNPs. Besides, it showed no interaction and amorphous form of the drug in LNPs formulation. The Blank NLCs exhibited no cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells as compared to TMX solution, SLNs (F5) and NLCs (F12) suggests that the cause of cell death is primarily from the effect of TMX present in NLCs. Conclusions: The screening study clearly showed the importance of different individual factors significant effect for the LNPs formulation development and its overall performance in an in-vitro study with minimum experimentation thus saving considerable time, efforts, and resources for further in-depth study.