Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Polyherbal Drug Made with Three Herbs: An In vitro Cell Culture Model

In diabetes, the postprandial phase is characterized by a rapid and large increase in blood glucose levels, and the possibility that the postprandial “hyperglycemic spikes” may be relevant to the onset of cardiovascular complications has recently received much attention. Medicinal use of herbal medicine in the treatment and prevention of diseases including diabetes has a long history compared to conventional medicine. These plants have no side effects and many existing medicines are derived from the plants. Hence, the current investigation was planned to make a poly herbal drug (PHD) through Punica granatum (fruits), Illicium verum (flowers) and Nyctanthes arbor (leaves) and assess their antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in vitro and in HepG2 cell line. The respective plant methanolic extracts and PHD are exposed to phytochemical assessment and to discriminate the bioactive factors by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. We evaluated the antioxidant properties 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and total antioxidant activity of individual plant extracts and the PHD. At the same time, In vitro and cell culture approaches were used to assess the anti-diabetic activity. The PHD has a higher concentration of secondary metabolites than individual plant extracts, according to our findings. On the other hand, we also notice that PHD demonstrated higher antioxidant capability and considerable in vitro glucose-lowering effects along with noteworthy inhibition of ɑ-amylase, glucosidase, lipase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, collagenase and protein glycation in HepG2 cell line. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated the significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the PHD. Hence, PHD may be used as a potential source in the management of diabetes, hyperglycemia and the related state of oxidative stress.

The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise

Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.

Hepatoprotective activity of Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeuschleaves and fruit methanolic extract on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 Cells

Introduction and Aim: Plants have become the current focus of research in treating the various diseases and ailments. Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch belongs to the familySalicaceae. Itis a small deciduous fruit tree having immense nutritional and medicinal significance. Different parts of the plant are pharmaceutically used forcuring various ailments. In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective activity of Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch leaves and fruit methanolic extract on Paracetamol induced HepG2 cell line. Methods: The cytotoxic and hepatoprotective properties were evaluated by measuring cell viability; activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA) levels). Results:The increased cell viability of 140.43± 4.07% and 133.93±3.20%was observed in HepG2 cells treated with methanolic extract of F. jangomas leaf and fruit extract respectively at 10µg/ml concentration and then decreased along with the rise of F. jangomas leaf and fruit extract concentrations. The level of LDH, ALT, AST and MDA decreased after F. jangomas leaf and fruit treatment compared to negative control. Conclusion: This study suggests that the methanolic Extract of F. jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch leaves(FJL)and fruit (FJF) shows hepatoprotective activity in Paracetamol induced HepG2 cell line by the decrease in AST and ALT activities and LDH and MDA level. Hence, it could be considered as a therapeutic agent in curing liver-related diseases.

Novel Health Supplement for Recovery of Alcohol Induced Adverse Effects and Associated Disorders: HepG2 Cells Study and Safety Dose Profiling on Rats

The present study objective was to design and develop novel health-supplement formula from plant extracts and was to evaluate the formula for high episodic alcohol toxicities, and associated disorders against alcohol intoxicated and oxidative damaged Human Hepatoma HepG2 cell line.

Investigating the Solubility and Activity of a Novel Class of Ice Recrystallization Inhibitors

O-aryl-β-D-glucosides and N-alkyl-D-gluconamides are two classes of effective ice recrystallization inhibitors (IRIs), however their solubilities limit their use in cryopreservation applications. Herein, we have synthesized and assessed phosphonate analogues of small-molecule IRIs as a method to improve their chemical and physical properties. Four sodium phosphonate compounds 4–7 were synthesized and exhibited high solubilities greater than 200 mM. Their IRI activity was evaluated using the splat cooling assay and only the sodium phosphonate derivatives of α-methyl-D-glucoside (5-Na) and N-octyl-D-gluconamide (7-Na) exhibited an IC50 value less than 30 mM. It was found that the addition of a polar sodium phosphonate group to the alkyl gluconamide (1) and aryl glucoside (2) structure decreased its IRI activity, indicating the importance of a delicate hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance within these compounds. The evaluation of various cation-phosphonate pairs was studied and revealed the IRI activity of ammonium and its ability to modulate the IRI activity of its paired anion. A preliminary cytotoxicity study was also performed in a HepG2 cell line and phosphonate analogues were found to have relatively low cytotoxicity. As such, we present phosphonate small-molecule carbohydrates as a biocompatible novel class of IRIs with high solubilities and moderate-to-high IRI activities.