Mine MIMO Depth Receiver: An Intelligent Receiving Model Based on Densely Connected Convolutional Networks

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems suffer from high BER in the mining environment. In this paper, the mine MIMO depth receiver model is proposed. The model uses densely connected convolutional networks for feature extraction and constructs multiple binary classifiers to recover the original information. Compared with conventional MIMO receivers, the model has no error accumulation caused by processes such as decoding and demodulation. The experimental results show that the model has better performance than conventional decoding methods under different modulation codes and variations in the number of transmitting terminals. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the model can still achieve effective decoding and recover the original information with some data loss at the receiver.

Sensitivity Analysis of the Levelized Cost of Electricity for a Particle-Based CSP System

This study presents a sensitivity analysis of the LCOE for a particle-based system with the costs of the most current components. New models for the primary heat exchanger, thermal energy storage and tower are presented and used to establish lower and upper bounds for these three components. The rest of component costs such as particle cost, cavity cost and lift cost are set to lower and upper bounds estimating an uncertainty between 25% and 50%. Other relevant parameters related to lift and storage performance are also included in the analysis with the same uncertainty. This study also includes an upgrade to the receiver model by including the wind effect in the efficiency, which was not included in previous publications and may have a big impact in the system design. A parametric analysis shows the optimum values of solar multiple, storage hours, tower height and concentration ratio, and a probabilistic analysis provides a cumulative distribution function for a range of LCOE values. The results show that the LCOE could be below $0.06/kWh with a probability of between 80% and 90%, where the costs of primary heat exchanger, particles and lifts have largest contribution to the variance of the LCOE.

A Simple Queuing Model for Molecular Communications Receivers

The complexity of molecular communications system, involving a massive number of interacting entities, makes scalability a fundamental property of simulators and modeling tools. A typical scenario is that of targeted drug delivery systems, which makes use of biological nanomachines close to a biological target, able to release molecules in the diseased area. In this paper, we propose a simple although reliable receiver model for diffusion-based molecular communication systems tackling the time needed for analyzing such a system. The proposed model consists of using an equivalent markovian queuing model, which reproduces the aggregate behavior of thousands of receptors spread over the receiver surface. It takes into account not only the fact that the absorption of molecules can occur only through receptors, but also that absorption is not an instantaneous process, and may require a significant time during which the receptor is not available to bind to other molecules. Our results, expressed in terms of number of absorbed molecules and average number of busy receptors, demonstrate that the proposed approach is in good agreement with results obtained through particle-based simulations of a large number of receptors, although the time taken for obtaining the results with the proposed model is order of magnitudes lower than the simulation time. We believe that this model can be the precursor of novel class of models based on similar principles that allow realizing reliable simulations of much larger systems.

Automatic (Headlight) Beam Controlling module for two-wheelers

Automatic High Beam controller is a device made due to the rising number of accidents at night because of LED headlamps temporarily affecting the vision of the driver on the opposite lane. According to AAA, LED lights do a much better job of illuminating the roadway, particularly in the low-beam application versus a halogen reflector at 150 feet more during testing. But, still, that brings the max vehicle speed to about 52 miles an hour, which is still falling short of highway speeds. So, the users are suggested to drive with high beam on if there is no oncoming traffic within a reasonable distance and the roadway is improperly lit. But in practice most people drive with the high beam settings in places with or without traffic great from the user's standpoint. However, even on low beam, they have such a high intensity that on 2-lane roads, especially when the oncoming driver of a car or small pickup approaches the LED equipped truck at night, in rain, fog, or snow the oncoming driver is blinded at a level equal to or greater than if the LED equipped vehicle were using conventional halogen high beams. This device is made without distance or ambient lighting being deciding factors and entirely based on user’s discretion. The transmitter model is fitted with a button that sends a signal to the receiver model using nrf24L01 modules and AT Mega 8 microcontroller (programmed using Arduino UNO). The pressing of button causes the state of the button to be set to HIGH. This signals the receiving circuit to set the LED pin to LOW. Therefore, the High Beam is set to Low Beam for 5 seconds when the impulse is received. Due to the use of H4 C6 headlamps which are rated for 36W with a minimum power requirement of 12W an adapter was connected to convert 220V AC supply to 12V, 3A DC supply for the LED and the rest of the circuit.

Regeneration in Stentor coeruleus

We often think about regeneration in terms of replacing missing structures, such as organs or tissues, with new structures generated via cell proliferation and differentiation. But at a smaller scale, single cells, themselves, are capable of regenerating when part of the cell has been removed. A classic model organism that facilitates the study of cellular regeneration in the giant ciliate Stentor coeruleus. These cells, which can grow to more than a millimeter in size, have the ability to survive after extensive wounding of their surface, and are able to regenerate missing structures. Even a small piece of a cell can regenerate a whole cell with normal geometry, in a matter of hours. Such regeneration requires cells to be able to trigger organelle biogenesis in response to loss of structures. But subcellular regeneration also relies on intracellular mechanisms to create and maintain global patterning within the cell. These mechanisms are not understood, but at a conceptual level they involve processes that resemble those seen in animal development and regeneration. Here we discuss single-celled regeneration in Stentor from the viewpoint of standard regeneration paradigms in animals. For example, there is evidence that regeneration of the oral apparatus in Stentor follows a sender-receiver model similar to crustacean eyestalk regeneration. By drawing these analogies, we find that many of the concepts already known from the study of animal-scale regeneration and development can be applied to the study of regeneration at the cellular level, such as the concepts of determination, induction, mosaic vs. regulative development, and epimorphosis vs. morphallaxis. We propose that the similarities may go beyond analogy, and that some aspects of animal development and regeneration may have evolved by exploiting pre-existing subcellular developmental strategies from unicellular ancestors.

Sensitivity Analysis of the Levelized Cost of Electricity for a Particle-Based CSP System

This study presents a sensitivity analysis of the LCOE for a particle-based system with the costs of the most current components. New models for the primary heat exchanger, thermal energy storage and tower are presented and used to establish lower and upper bounds for these three components. The rest of component costs such as particle cost, cavity cost, lift cost and balance of power are set to lower and upper bounds estimating a 25% of uncertainty. Some relevant parameters such as lift efficiency and storage thermal resistance are also included in the analysis with a 25% uncertainty. This study also includes an upgrade to the receiver model by including the wind effect in the efficiency, which was not included in previous publications. A parametric analysis shows the optimum values of solar multiple, storage hours, tower height and concentration ratio, and a probabilistic analysis provides a cumulative distribution function for a range of LCOE values. The results show that the LCOE could be below $0.06/kWh with a probability of 90%, where the highest uncertainty is on the primary heat exchanger cost.

Techno-Economic Optimization of CSP Plants with Free-Falling Particle Receivers

Particle receivers are one of the candidates for the next generation of CSP plants, whose goal is to reduce the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) to 0.05 $/kWh. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis to study if a CSP system with free-falling particle receiver can achieve this goal. The plant analyzed integrates two ground-based bins to store the excess energy and a supercritical CO2 cycle to generate electricity. The model used for the analysis presents several upgrades to previous particle systems models in order to increase its fidelity, accuracy, and representativeness of an actual system. The main upgrades are the addition of off-design conditions during the annual simulations in all the components and an improved receiver model validated against CFD simulations. The size of the main components is optimized to obtain the system configuration with minimum LCOE. The results show that particle CSP systems can reduce the LCOE to 0.056 $/kWh if the configuration is composed of 1.61 × 106 m2 of heliostats, a 250 m high tower with a 537 m2 falling particle curtain, and 16 h thermal energy storage.

Estimation of the Automated Video Control Device’s Target Functions Performance Probability

Operating quality of automated video control systems depends on optical specifications of video camera and peculiar features of video algorithm. Specified target function performance probability can serve as criterion of automated video control use efficiency. In this work, a new performance efficiency estimation method for automated equipment of target environment video control is suggested: to estimate the probability of target functions’ (object detection, capture, and auto tracking) performance. Theoretical prediction of target functions performance probability was built upon Johnson’s criterion and the use of optimal receiver model. The results of suggested method’s experimental verification have shown that target detection occurred when signal/noise ratio level was above 6. This level can be regarded as low value to ensure that object is detected with probability 0.9.

An efficient wide-band signal detection and extraction method

Aiming at the influence of time-varying and frequency-varying of noise on the signal detection performance in the short wave wide-band channel and the large amount of computation in the channelized receiver model of the traditional low pass filter bank, a cross-channel reconfigurable multi-phase high-efficiency channelization method based on morphological processing is proposed in this paper .Firstly, The wide-band signal is coarsely filtered by the multi-phase structure of the uniform filter bank which is determined by the protection interval between signals, and then the bandwidth and position of the signal are determined by improved morphological operation and threshold decision of the power spectrum. Finally, the sub-band signals across the channel are combined to complete the approximate reconstruction of the sub-signals. Compared with the computational complexity of traditional channelized receiver model, the results show that this method has lower computational complexity. The simulation results show that the method can achieve the approximate constant false alarm rate(CFAR) under the colored noise environment, and has higher detection capability under different signal-to-noise ratios(SNR).