Organic Diode Laser Dynamics: Rate-Equation Model, Reabsorption, Validation and Threshold Predictions

We present and analyze a simple model based on six rate equations for an electrically pumped organic diode laser. The model applies to organic host-guest systems and includes Stoke-shifted reabsorption in a self-consistent manner. With the validated model for the Alq3:DCM host-guest system, we predict the threshold for short-pulse laser operation. We predict laser operation characterized by damped relaxation oscillations in the GHz regime and several orders of magnitude linewidth narrowing. Prospect for CW steady-state laser operation is discussed.

Tipping points induced by parameter drift in an excitable ocean model

Numerous systems in the climate sciences and elsewhere are excitable, exhibiting coexistence of and transitions between a basic and an excited state. We examine the role of tipping between two such states in an excitable low-order ocean model. Ensemble simulations are used to obtain the model’s pullback attractor (PBA) and its properties, as a function of a forcing parameter $$\gamma $$ γ and of the steepness $$\delta $$ δ of a climatological drift in the forcing. The tipping time $$t_{\mathrm{{tp}}}$$ t tp is defined as the time at which the transition to relaxation oscillations (ROs) arises: at constant forcing this occurs at $$\gamma =\gamma _{\mathrm{c}}$$ γ = γ c . As the steepness $$\delta $$ δ decreases, $$t_{\mathrm{{tp}}}$$ t tp is delayed and the corresponding forcing amplitude decreases, while remaining always above $$\gamma _{\mathrm{c}}$$ γ c . With periodic perturbations, that amplitude depends solely on $$\delta $$ δ over a significant range of parameters: this provides an example of rate-induced tipping in an excitable system. Nonlinear resonance occurs for periods comparable to the RO time scale. Coexisting PBAs and total independence from initial states are found for subsets of parameter space. In the broader context of climate dynamics, the parameter drift herein stands for the role of anthropogenic forcing.