Biomasa dan Simpanan Karbon pada Ekosistem Lamun di Perairan Batulawang dan Pulau Sintok Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Jepara

Ekosistem lamun memiliki fungsi ekologi dan ekonomi yang tinggi. Peran ekosistem lamun dalam penyimpanan karbon akan tetapi masih belum menjadi sorotan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui nilai biomassa dan estimasi simpanan karbon pada ekosistem lamun di Perairan Batulawang, Pulau Kemujan serta Pulau Sintok, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada 7 – 14 Noevmber 2019 di Perairan Batulawang dan Pulau Sintok, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Metode penelitian di lapangan menggunakan metode SeagrassWatch, sementara nilai biomassa dan nilai estimasi simpanan karbon dihitung menggunakan metode Metode Loss of Ignition (LOI) di laboratorium. Data yang diperoleh berupa pengukuran berat kering untuk menghitung biomassa dan analisa kandungan karbon pada lamun dan sedimen. Hasil penelitian didapatkan empat jenis lamun di Perairan Batulawang yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, dan Thalassodendron ciliatum sedangkan di Pulau Sintok terdapat tiga jenis lamun yang ditemukan yaitu Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, dan Halophila ovalis. Nilai total biomassa lamun terbesar pada Perairan Batulawang yaitu Enhalus acoroides dengan nilai 849,75 gbk/m2 dan nilai total biomassa lamun terkecil Thalassodendron ciliatum dengan nilai 29 gbk/m2. Nilai total biomassa lamun terbesar pada Pulau Sintok yaitu Cymodocea rotundata dengan nilai 177,75 gbk/m2dan nilai total biomassa lamun terkecil Halophila ovalis dengan nilai 4,75 gbk/m2. Hasil pengukuran karbon lamun pada Perairan Batulawang yaitu 12,97 – 359,87 gC/m2­ dan 258,20 – 541,51 gC/m2 pada sedimennya. Hasil pengukuran karbon pada lamun di Pulau Sintok yaitu 2,35 – 85,80 gC/m2 dan 204,92 – 765,92 gC/m2 pada sedimen. Kandungan karbon paling besar terdapat pada bagian bawah substrat (below ground). Kandungan karbon pada bagian bawah substrat tidak terganggu oleh faktor lingkungan (gelombang, arus, dan ulah manusia) sehingga terakumulasi baik. Seagrass ecosystems have high ecological and economic functions. The role of seagrass ecosystems in carbon storage, however, has not yet been highlighted. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of biomass and estimated carbon storage in seagrass ecosystems in Batulawang waters, Kemujan Island and Sintok Island, Karimunjawa National Park. This research was conducted on 7 − 14 November 2019 in Batulawang waters and Sintok Island, Karimunjawa National Park. The research method in the field uses the SeagrassWatch method, while the biomass value and the estimated value of carbon storage are calculated using the Loss of Ignition (LOI) method in the laboratory. The data obtained were measurements of dry weight to calculate biomass and analysis of carbon content in seagrass and sediments. The result shows that there are four species of seagrass in Batulawang Waters, they are Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, and Thalassodendron cliatum meanwhile in Sintok Island there are three species, they are, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, and Halophila ovalis. The measurement of carbon is done by using Loss on Ignition Method. The highest total seagrass biomass in Batulawang waters is Enhalus acoroides with a value of 849.75 gbk/m2 and the lowest total seagrass biomass is Thalassodendron ciliatum with a value of 29 gbk/m2. The highest total seagrass biomass on Sintok Island is Cymodocea rotundata with a value of 177.75 gbk/m2 and the lowest total seagrass biomass is Halophila ovalis with a value of 4.75 gbk/m2. The results of measurements of seagrass carbon in Batulawang waters are 12,97 – 359,87 gC/m2­ and 258,20 – 541,51 gC/m2 on the sediments. The result of seagrass carbon measurement in Sintok Island is 2,35 – 85,80 gC/m2 and 204,92 – 765,92 gC/m2 on the sediments. The largest carbon content is at the bottom of the substrate (below ground). The carbon content at the bottom of the substrate is not disturbed by environmental factors (waves, currents, and human activities) so that it accumulates well.

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS PADANG LAMUN DI PERAIRAN PANTAI PANDAWA, BALI

This research aimed to determine the types and structure of seagrass community based on species density, species relative density, diversity index, uniformity index, and dominance index of the seagrass. This research was conducted along Pandawa Beach, Kutuh Village, South Kuta District, Badung Regency, Bali from November to December 2019. Data of seagrass were collected from 3 line transects, 3 kuadran transects from each transect, repeated 3 times. Water quality data were collected 3 times within 4 weeks. Eight species of seagrass were identified, namely: Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule pinifolia, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis, Halophila decipiens, Syringodium isoetifolium, and Thalassodendron ciliatum. The highest species density found at station I that was Thalassodendron ciliatum, as well as for its relative density, and the lowest was Thalassia hemprichii. At station II and III, the highest species density was found on Cymodocea serrulata and the lowest was on Halophila ovalis. The study found that the species density of seagrasses at Pandawa Beach was categorized as high density, which dominated by Thalassodendron ciliatum at station I and by Cymodocea serrulata at station II and III. Diversity index of seagrass species at station I and II was categorized as medium species diversity and low species diversity for the station III. Dominance index of seagrass species at the three station was categorized as high dominance. Similarity index of seagrass species was categorized as medium or unstable community for the station I and II, and low similarity for the station III.

Struktur Komunitas dan Sebaran Lamun di Pulau Soop - Kota Sorong

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis dan komposis lamun, penutupan lamun, kerapatan jenis lamun, dan sebaran lamun di Perairan Pulau Soop Kota Sorong-Papua Barat. Metode penelitian adalah eksploratif, yang mana pengambilan data keragaman jenis, komposisi dan kerapatan dilakukan menggunakan transek garis. Pengambilan data dengan Transek garis yang dilakukan pada setiap stasiun dengan cara posisi tegak lurus dengan garis pantai sepanjang setiap 10 m. Setiap transek garis dilakukan pencatatan data pada setiap 10 m tersebut, yang dimulai dari tepi pantai sampai tubir atau kedalaman tertentu. Data primer meliputi jenis lamun, tipe substrat, kerapatan, dan estimasi tutupan serta titik koordinat luasan dan titik pengambilan sampel. Kemudian data di analisis dan dibuatkan dalam bentuk peta dengan menggunakan software Arc-gis 10.6. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di Perairan Pulau Soop terdapat 7 jenis lamun yaitu yaitu jenis Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia hemprici, Cymodocea serrulate, Thalassodendron ciliatum, Halophila ovalis, Enhalus acoroides dan Halodule uninervis. Penutupan lamun tertinggi di stasiun penelitian sebelah Utara perairan pulau Soop sebesar 51,58%, sedangkan penutupan lamun tertinggi di stasiun penelitian sebelah Selatan pulau Soop sebesar sebesar 38.35%. Luas sebaran lamun di sebelah utara dan selatan Perairan Pulau Soop sekitar 2.665.00 m2.

Seagrass Vegetation Analysis on The Coast of Hadirin and Batu Lawang Beach Karimunjawa National Park

The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and condition of seagrass communities in the waters of hadirin Beach and Batu lawang karimunjawa. national park. This exploratory research used descriptive qualitative methods, each study location is divided into two transects. Data identified at SPTN Office 1 Kemujan Karimunjawa National Park. The results of the study were six species of seagrass, namely: Holodule uninervise, Thalassodendron ciliatum, Halophila minor, Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea serrulata. The percentage of seagrass cover namely Holodule uninervise is 38.04 %. Thalassodendron ciliatum of 6.25%, Halophila minor of 29.56%, Syringodium isoetifolium of 31.25%, Thalassia hemprichii at 14.21% and Cymodocea serrulata to 16.9%. The highest density of seagrass species in Hadirin Beach is from the Uninervise holodule species 72.30%, with 858 stands on the first transect and 54.66% on the second transect with 253 stands. Whereas for the highest Batu Lawang Beach is the species of Thalassia hemprichii 51.1% with 162 stands, on the first transect and 44.9% with 114 stands. The substrate has the type of sandy clay and coral fragments. Holodule uninervise is the most dominant species found on the beach of Hadirin meanwhile Thalassia hemprichi is the most dominant species in Batu Lawang.

Thalassosterol, a New Cytotoxic Aromatase Inhibitor Ergosterol Derivative from the Red Sea Seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum

Thalassodendron ciliatum (Forssk.) Den Hartog is a seagrass belonging to the plant family Cymodoceaceae with ubiquitous phytoconstituents and important pharmacological potential, including antioxidant, antiviral, and cytotoxic activities. In this work, a new ergosterol derivative named thalassosterol (1) was isolated from the methanolic extract of T. ciliatum growing in the Red Sea, along with two known first-reported sterols, namely ergosterol (2) and stigmasterol (3), using different chromatographic techniques. The structure of the new compound was established based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and by comparison with the literature data. The new ergosterol derivative showed significant in vitro antiproliferative potential against the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines, with IC50 values of 8.12 and 14.24 µM, respectively. In addition, docking studies on the new sterol 1 explained the possible binding interactions with an aromatase enzyme; this inhibition is beneficial in both cervical and breast cancer therapy. A metabolic analysis of the crude extract of T. ciliatum using liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-HR-MS) revealed the presence of an array of phenolic compounds, sterols and ceramides, as well as di- and triglycerides.

Karakteristik Morfologi Lamun Thalassodendron ciliatum (Forsskall) Hartog 1970 (Kelas: Magnoliopsida,Famili : Cymodoceaceae) Berdasarkan Tipe Substrat di Perairan Pantai Timur Kabupaten Bulukumba

This study aims to determine the seagrass morphological characteristic based on substrates and analyze the relationship of environmental factors with the morphology of Thalassodendron ciliatum. A sampling at each station was done purposively according to the substrate. Sampling was carried out in 3 areas as replication by digging and taking seagrass complete with rhizome and its roots as many as 25 stands. Then the seagrass was cleaned from the sand and put into a sample bag and stored in a cooler. At the same time, sand and water samples were also taken to measure the nitrate and phosphate. The measured water quality in situ includes current speed, temperature, salinity, depth, and wave height. In the laboratory, measurements of morphological parameters of seagrass were done on the leaves, stems, rhizomes, and roots. The results showed that the sandy substrate (Kasuso Station: more protected) showed a longer and thicker leaf character, and a longer root with a greater number of roots, but had a number of leaves, rhizoma length, internode distance, and root diameter smaller than the area with the substrate was dominated by coral fragments (Panrangluhu Station). Under weak current conditions with high nitrate and phosphate content, they were characterized by the larger stem and leaf lengths with a large number of roots. Whereas in strong currents, seagrass was characterized by a greater number and area of leaves and root diameter. Areas with high waves, characterized by seagrasses that have larger stem diameters, longer rhizomes with larger diameters, and also longer internode distances Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeterminasi karakter morfologi lamun berdasarkan tipe substrat dan menganalisis keterkaitan faktor lingkungan dengan morfologi lamun Thalassodendron ciliatum. Sampling pada setiap stasiun dilakukan secara purposif dengan memperhatikan susbstrat dasar. Sampling dilakukan pada 3 area sebagai ulangan dengan cara menggali dan mengambil lamun lengkap dengan rhizoma dan akarnya sebanyak 25 tegakan. Kemudian lamun dibersihkan dari pasir dan dimasukkan ke dalam kantong sampel yang berisi air laut dan disimpan dalam kotak pendingin. Bersamaan dengan itu, juga diambil sampel pasir dan air untuk diukur kandungan nitrat dan posfatnya. Kualitas air yang diukur secara insitu meliputi kecepatan arus, suhu, salinitas, kedalaman, dan tinggi gelombang. Di laboratorium diukur parameter morfologi lamun pada bagian daun, batang, rhizoma, dan akar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada substrat berpasir (Stasiun Kasuso: lebih terlindung) memperlihatkan karakter daun yang lebih panjang dan tebal, serta akar yang lebih panjang dengan jumlah akar yang lebih banyak, namun memiliki jumlah daun, panjang rhizoma, jarak internode, dan diameter akar yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan daerah yang substratnya didominasi oleh pecahan karang (Stasiun Panrangluhu). Pada kondisi arus yang lemah dengan kandungan nitrat dan posfat yang tinggi, dicirikan oleh panjang batang dan daun yang lebih besar dengan jumlah akar yang banyak. Sedangkan pada arus yang kuat, lamun dicirikan oleh jumlah dan luasan daun serta diameter akar yang lebih besar. Daerah dengan gelombang yang tinggi, dicirikan oleh lamun yang memiliki diameter batang yang lebih besar, rhizoma yang lebih panjang dengan diameter yang besar, dan jarak internode yang juga lebih panjang.