Hemangioma in Renal Pelvis

Hemangioma in the renal pelvis is a very rare benign tumor that may be mistaken for renal cell carcinoma. We present, herein, a case of a 59-year-old woman with a renal mass that was diagnosed as a cavernous hemangioma in the renal pelvis. The patient underwent intravenous pyelography, urine cytology, retrograde pyelography, kidney dynamic computed tomography (CT), and surgical excision.

Association of neural tube defects with congenital abnormalities of the urogenital system in a Chinese cohort

Background This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the correlation between congenital abnormality of the urogenital system and various factors in children with neural tube defects (NTDs). Methods A total of 190 children with congenital NTDs, who were admitted to a hospital from May 2013 to May 2018, were included into the present study. All admitted children with congenital NTDs were carried out routine abdominal B-ultrasound examinations to determine the malformations of the abdominal organs, including the urinary system. Children with a B-ultrasound result of suspected and unsure malformation underwent intravenous pyelography (IVP) and voiding cysto-urethrography (VCU), and this was further confirmed by the CT results. Results The incidence of urogenital malformation was 12.1% (23/190) in children with congenital NTDs. For the 23 children with urogenital malformations, most of these children had no definite urinary system symptoms, while some of these children had multiple incidences of urinary system infections. Conclusions Congenital NTDs are often combined with urogenital malformations, if not specifically searched these may be overlooked. The early detection of these malformations is beneficial to reduce the risk of operation and improve the prognosis.

Role of Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Renal Masses

At present there are various ways to recognize and evaluate kidney mass. A systematic methodological approach is needed to ensure a complete assessment of the suspected kidney mass, because each x-ray modality has relative strengths and weaknesses for an accurate diagnosis. Despite the lack of sensitivity and specificity, intravenous pyelography (IVP) remains the original diagnostic method in many cases because it plays a role in the assessment of hematuria. Intravenous pyelography with or without nephrotomography can detect a lot of kidney mass and provide information about kidney function. As the modality of imaging has expanded extensively, the measurement of adverse renal mass has improved significantly. The heterogeneous development, necrosis or calcification of such a by-of renal cell carcinoma is strongly suggestive. This research describes early-stage accidental renal cell carcinoma as correlated with symptoms of patients with renal cell carcinoma. It has significant implications on therapeutic strategies such as partial nephrectomy, etc. and increases the recovery of premature lesions. It suggests that the renal mass requires monitoring at age over 40 and high-risk classes such as the background of renal cell carcinoma, VHL, etc. The most common and successful modality for the measurement and characterisation of renal weight remains computational multidetector tomography (MDCT). The diagnostic efficiency of RCC in characterising and predicting the severity of disease is vastly enhanced by MDCT scans with an increase in spatial resolution and the potential to provide multiplanar and 3D recreations.

Absent Ureteral Efflux after Hysterectomy Leads to Diagnosis of Ureteral Atresia with Renal Atrophy

Iatrogenic injury to the urinary system is a known complication of gynecologic surgery; therefore, intraoperative cystoscopy is frequently performed to assess for such injuries. However, if an abnormality is seen, the differential diagnosis extends beyond iatrogenic causes. A 42-year-old patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and had absent efflux from the right ureteral orifice on cystoscopy. While iatrogenic injury was initially suspected, the intraoperative workup (including intravenous pyelography (IVP)) that ensued led to an empiric diagnosis of right ureteral atresia with ipsilateral renal atrophy that was then confirmed on postoperative imaging. When an abnormality is seen on cystoscopy following gynecologic surgery, it is important to maintain a broad differential diagnosis and to pursue an intraoperative workup with early involvement and close collaboration with urology.

An Interesting Case Report of a Giant Bladder Calculi in China

Objective: To report a giant bladder calculi in a 52-year-old man. Methods: The patient was diagnosed as bladder calculi since 1998. Due to the lack of sufficient medical and health conditions in the countryside, he only received the Chinese traditional treatment and did not seek any urologic treatments for more than 20 years. In April 2018, he was referred to our hospital with dysuria. Results: A big bladder calculi (8.0 cm × 10.0 cm × 6.0 cm in size) was revealed by ultrasound and intravenous pyelography and removed by open cystolithotomy. Conclusions: Our case demonstrates the necessity of early treatment for patients with bladder calculi.

Study on clinical profile and management of abdominal tumours in children

Background: The discovery of an abdominal mass in a child usually presents a challenging problem in the diagnosis and treatment to the paediatrician, surgeon and urologist. Because of the heterogenicity of the lesion knowledge of differential of a mass in abdomen is essential for the logical evaluation of a child.Methods: The present study comprises of 25 children who presented with an intra-abdominal mass were included. The medical causes of the abdominal masses i.e. hepatosplenomegaly and leukemias were excluded. All patients admitted were routine investigated and whichever necessary. After the diagnosis, surgery was done wherever indicated and post-operatively the diagnosis was confirmed after the histopathological report.Results: All the cases presented with mass in abdomen while the other presentations were pain in abdomen (36%), fever (20%) and haematuria and vomiting (16% each). It was found that 64% of the masses were urological in origin while 36% of the masses were non-urological in origin. 21 (84%) patients underwent surgery, 10 (40%) patients took chemotherapy, 9 (36%) patients took radiotherapy.Conclusions: Routine investigations were only helpful in diagnosing the infection in infecting cases. Most reliable specific investigation was intravenous pyelography. It was found that majority of the abdominal masses in children were arising from urinary system. Correlation between pre-operative and post-operative diagnosis was found almost consistent.

Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis – Tales of the Unexpected

Horseshoe kidney is an inborn renal fusion anomaly. It is frequently associated with renal stones and infections. The diagnosis is made using imaging methods - ultrasound, X-ray of the abdomen and intravenous pyelography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radionuclide investigations. The diagnosis sometimes is hard, especially when other abnormalities are present, i.e. hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis, stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction, etc. The authors present a male patient with horseshoe kidney and unilateral hydronephrosis due to obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction and discuss the diagnosis of horseshoe kidney and the diagnostic approach in such patients.

Imaging for Nephrolithiasis

Nephrolithiasis is a common condition that affects a large number of Americans. An imaging diagnosis is required for adequate treatment and follow-up, and a large variety of imaging modalities exist for this purpose. In this review, we discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and specific uses for a wide array of imaging methods, including plain radiography, ultrasonography, CT, and others. In addition, special attention is paid to specific clinical situations for individual tests, such as when dealing with children, pregnant women, and patients in an intraoperative setting. Approximate costs and radiation doses of each modality are discussed as well. At the conclusion of this review, the reader should understand the utility of each imaging technique, along with the optimal situation for use and reasoning for these decisions. This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, and 85 references Key words: CT, diagnosis, digital tomosynthesis, fluoroscopy, follow-up, imaging, intravenous pyelography, MRI, nephrolithiasis, radiation dose, radiography, ultrasonography