Cytotoxic Alkaloids Derived from Marine Sponges: A Comprehensive Review

Marine sponges (porifera) have proved to be a prolific source of unique bioactive secondary metabolites, among which the alkaloids occupy a special place in terms of unprecedented structures and outstanding biological activities. Identification of active cytotoxic alkaloids extracted from marine animals, particularly sponges, is an important strive, due to lack of knowledge on traditional experiential and ethnopharmacology investigations. In this report, a comprehensive survey of demospongian bioactive alkaloids in the range 1987–2020 had been performed with a special emphasis on the potent cytotoxic activity. Different resources and databases had been investigated, including Scifinder (database for the chemical literature) CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) search, web of science, Marin Lit (marine natural products research) database. More than 230 representatives of different classes of alkaloids had been reviewed and classified, different genera belonging to the phylum porifera had been shown to be a prolific source of alkaloidal molecules, including Agelas sp., Suberea sp., Mycale sp., Haliclona sp., Epipolasis sp., Monanchora sp., Crambe sp., Reniera sp., and Xestospongia sp., among others. The sufficient production of alkaloids derived from sponges is a prosperous approach that requires more attention in future studies to consider the constraints regarding the supply of drugs, attained from marine organisms.

Die High-Performance-Plattform New STN – eine neue Recherchedimension

Zusammenfassung Patentinformationen spielen im Innovationsprozess eine entscheidende Rolle. Alle innovativen Unternehmen müssen, um ihr Investitionsrisiko zu minimieren und abzusichern, verlässliche Informationen zum Stand der Technik zu den Wettbewerbern und dem Marktumfeld recherchieren. Informations- Services im Patentbereich müssen daher höchsten Ansprüchen bei der Präzision und Zielgenauigkeit der Suche, ebenso wie bei der Aktualität und Vollständigkeit der Daten gerecht werden. Mit der neuen STN-Plattform hat FIZ Karlsruhe in Kooperation mit CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) eine neue Dimension bei der Informations- und Patentrecherche geöffnet. Ein intuitives Nutzerinterface für Informationsexperten, branchenführende Performance und Workflowoptimierung sind die Markenzeichen der neuen STN-Plattform. Die neue STN-Plattform wurde 2012, zunächst in einer Beta-Version, erstmals der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt. Seit 2013 läuft die neue Plattform als Vollversion und wird kontinuierlich erweitert. Die neue STN-Plattform soll das klassische STN in Zukunft ablösen. Zurzeit werden beide STN Systeme parallel betrieben.

Fuzzy Multisets and Fuzzy Computing

Multisets and Multirelations are extensions of ordinary sets and relations while fuzzy multisets and fuzzy multirelations are fuzzy extensions of these concept. Although many generalizations tend to be meaningless, these are quite useful as one can model things we see every day. In addition, these structures have found uses in the theory of computation. In particular, fuzzy multisets are used in fuzzy models of computation, that is, models of computation where vagueness is manifested by fuzzy sets play central role. These fuzzy models of computation include fuzzy P systems, the fuzzy chemical abstract machine, and fuzzy Petri nets.

COMPONENT SECURITY TESTING APPROACH BASED ON EXTENDED CHEMICAL ABSTRACT MACHINE

Unreliable component security hinders the development of component technology. Component security testing is rarely researched with comprehensive focus; several approaches or technologies for detecting vulnerabilities in component security have been proposed, but most are infeasible. A testing approach for component security, which is based on the chemical abstract machine, is proposed for detecting explicit and implicit component security vulnerabilities. We develop an extended chemical abstract machine model, called eCHAM, and generate a state transfer tree and testing sequence for components based on the proposed model. The model can help test the explicit security exceptions of components according to the testing approach of interface fault injection. Condition and state mutation algorithms for identifying implicit security exceptions are also proposed. Vulnerability testing reports are obtained according to the test results. Experiments were conducted in an integration testing platform to verify the applicability of the proposed approach. Results show that the approach is effective and practicable. The proposed approach can detect explicit and implicit security exceptions of components.

Concurrent Programming with Multi-Agents and the Chemical Abstract Machine

In this chapter, we propose a new concurrent programming approach called MACH (multi-agent extended chemical abstract machine). MACH extends the chemical abstract machine with multiple coexisting agents. This paper focuses on the design, implementation, and verification of MACH. The aim of MACH is to develop a reactive programming language based on an interactive computational model, which we believe is the key to concurrent programming. We present MACH as a simple and efficient programming approach based on a sound theoretical background.

Book Review: The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke

This book is highly recommended as an indispensable reference source for tobacco and smoke chemists as well as other scientists involved in the study of tobacco and its products. The compilation of proper chemical names, common names, Chemical Abstract Service numbers (CAS No.), and structures is alone worth the purchase price.