Challenges in Online Teaching Management in Vietnam Universities

In Vietnam today, online teaching is still in the development stage. There has not been a set of quality assurance standards for universities to organize online education. Universities that apply online teaching are mainly based on the ability to use information technology. The resources of each university are at a different level and limited while receiving no government investment. Furthermore, the implementation of online teaching requires a significant and methodical investment in technology infrastructure, training content, human resources, and implementation. Therefore, there is a need for online teaching management solutions in universities.

Centralisation and Decentralisation in Higher Education: a Comparative Study of Hungary and Germany

The main focus of this article is on comparing the centralisation and decentralisation in higher education in Hungary and Germany. This study explores trends in implementing quality assurance measures in higher education. It employs the methodology of document analysis to identify differences between the two nations in the level of autonomy they accord to higher education institutions in regulating quality assurance standards. Data collected from these documents demonstrate that the two countries have divergent approaches to higher education governance. In the Hungarian higher education system, management is centralised and monitored by the national government. This state control indicates limited autonomy amongst higher education institutions to organise academic programs. In contrast, the German legal documents examined in this study indicate a belief in the need to guarantee the quality of learning, teaching, research, academic freedom, gender equality, and institutional autonomy. The data collected reveal the close relationship between governance and quality assurance in discourses regarding the accountability, transparency, and freedom of stakeholders.

Effect of Head Teachers’ Collaborative Partnerships on Inclusive Education Implementation in Public Primary School

<p class="abstrak" align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="abstrak">The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of head teachers’ collaborative partnerships with parents, government agencies and NGOs, on the implementation of inclusive education in public primary schools in Nairobi City County in Kenya. Descriptive survey was applied, and Chi-square tested the null hypothesis. Questionnaires were administered to 71 head teachers and 297 teachers, supplemented by document analysis. Interview was used on eight Quality Assurance Standards Officers (QASOs) and four Education Assessment Resource Centre Officers (EARCs). Quantitative data was coded and analysed using descriptive statistics, and presented in frequency tables and bar graphs. Qualitative data was coded, transcribed and presented in narrative form. The study established the relationship between head teachers’ collaborative partnerships with implementation of inclusive education. Nevertheless, majority of schools lacked well- structured coordinated partnerships resulting in low participation in schools programs as referenced by head teachers and teachers on provision for specialized teaching and learning resources, 63.4% and 63.3%; assessment of learners, 64.8% and 70.4%; outsourcing of funds, 69% and 69.7%. Therefore, head teachers should increase capacities in collaborative partnerships and fully utilize them for inclusive education implementation.</p><p class="StyleAuthorBold"><em>Abstrak </em><em></em></p><p class="abstrak"><em>Penelitian </em><em>ini </em><em>bertujuan u</em><em>ntuk mengetahui pengaruh kemitraan kolaboratif kepala sekolah dengan orang tua, lembaga pemerintah dan LSM, pada pelaksanaan pendidikan inklusif di sekolah dasar negeri di Kota Nairobi di Kenya. Survei deskriptif diterapkan, dan Chi-square menguji hipotesis nol. Kuesioner diberikan kepada 71 kepala sekolah dan 297 guru, dilengkapi dengan analisis dokumen. Wawancara digunakan pada delapan Petugas Standar Penjaminan Mutu (QASO) dan empat Petugas Pusat Penilaian Pendidikan (EARC). Data kuantitatif diberi kode dan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, dan disajikan dalam tabel frekuensi dan grafik batang. Data kualitatif dikodekan, ditranskripsikan dan disajikan dalam bentuk naratif. Studi ini </em><em>menjelaskan </em><em>hubungan antara kemitraan kolaboratif kepala sekolah dengan implementasi pendidikan inklusif. Namun, sebagian besar sekolah tidak memiliki kemitraan terkoordinasi yang terstruktur dengan bai</em><em>k, </em><em>yang mengakibatkan rendahnya partisipasi dalam program sekolah seperti yang dirujuk oleh kepala sekolah dan guru tentang penyediaan sumber </em><em>untuk </em><em>belajar dan mengajar, 63,4% dan 63,3%; penilaian peserta didik, 64,8% dan 70,4%; outsourcing dana, 69% dan 69,7%. Oleh karena itu, kepala sekolah harus meningkatkan kapasitas dalam kemitraan kolaboratif dan memanfaatkannya sepenuhnya untuk pelaksanaan pendidikan inklusif.</em></p>

VERIFICATION, VALIDATION AND METROLOGICAL CONFIRMATION OF MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR TESTING OF ARMAMENT AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT

Ukraine's European and Euro-Atlantic course requires the implementation of a number of normative documents, including documents in the field of metrology and metrological activities. This demands the adaptation of existing and development of new regulations. The study examined and analyzed national standards adopted by the acceptance of NATO STANAG 4107. NATO Quality Assurance Standards recommend verification, validation and metrological confirmation for measuring equipment used in the design, development and manufacture of armaments and military equipment. An analysis of the definitions of the terms "verification", "validation" and "metrological confirmation" in different standards and in international and interstate dictionaries of metrology is carried out. Processes of verification, validation and metrological confirmation are offered taking into account the latest changes in the field of metrology and metrological activity, tests of armaments and military equipment and metrological support of tests, as well as some legislative acts of Ukraine in the field of technical regulation. Conformity assessment is used in international practice and in Ukraine to prove compliance with the established requirements. The analysis of the term "conformity assessment" is done in the article. The process of proving the fulfilment of the set requirements for checking the compliance of products with the requirements of technical regulations for measuring equipment used in the field or outside the field of legally regulated metrology is explained. In order to improve the regulatory framework of the metrological support system in the field of defence and harmonization of normative and guiding documents to modern requirements, it is proposed to develop "Technical regulations for measuring equipment of general military and special purpose" and "Methods of metrological confirmation of measuring equipment for testing armament and military equipment”. The time period for implementation of NATO standards in the field of development and production of armaments and military equipment was also taken into account.

ORGANIZATION OF AMBULATORY CARE FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Качественная амбулаторная помощь при диабете требует как стандартов оказания амбулаторной помощи, часто обеспечиваемой структурированными наборами заказов, так и стандартов обеспечения качества для улучшения процессов. Протоколы, обзоры и руководства «передовой практики» непоследовательно применяются в больницах. Чтобы исправить это, в больницах установлены протоколы для структурированного ухода за пациентами и структурированные наборы заказов, которые включают компьютеризированный ввод заказов врача (CPOE). В первоначальных заказах должен быть указан тип диабета (например, диабет 1 или 2 типа) или отсутствие диабета в анамнезе. Поскольку стационарное использование инсулина и приказы о выписке могут быть более эффективными, если основаны на уровне A1C при поступлении, выполните тест A1C у всех пациентов с диабетом или гипергликемией, госпитализированных в больницу, если тест не был проведен. выполнено за предыдущие 3 месяца. Целью данной работы является рассмотрение стандартов амбулаторного лечения пациентов с диабетом 2 типа, составление рекомендации по поведению и формировании навыков в отношении самоконтроля при диабете. Quality ambulatory diabetes care requires both outpatient care standards, often provided by structured ordering, and quality assurance standards to improve processes. “Best practice” protocols, reviews and guidelines are inconsistently applied in hospitals. To remedy this, hospitals have established protocols for structured patient care and structured order sets that include computerized entry of physician orders (CPOE). Initial orders must indicate the type of diabetes (such as type 1 or 2 diabetes) or no history of diabetes. Because inpatient insulin use and discharge orders may be more effective if based on admission A1C levels, perform an A1C test on all diabetic or hyperglycemic patients admitted to the hospital if the test has not been performed. completed in the previous 3 months. The aim of this work is to review the standards of outpatient treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes, to draw up recommendations on behavior and skills formation in relation to self-management in diabetes.

Penerapan Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi dan Pengukuran Maturity Level Menggunakan Domain MEA (Monitor, Evaluate Dan Assess) Dengan Framework COBIT (Studi Kasus: Sistem Informasi Akademik AIKOM

The Academy of Computer Science (AIKOM) Ternate has implemented information technology in the Academic Information System (SIAK) section, which is an important part of connecting management with all stakeholders. Formulation of the problems raised in this study includes how to classify problems into statements that are in accordance with COBIT 5 framework and how to determine and measure the maturity level of IT governance at AIKOM Ternate by using the MEA (Monitor, Evaluate and Assess) domain. The researcher used a questionnaire instrument to measure the maturity level of IT governance at AIKOM Ternate. The sample used was 13 people including the leadership and several staff. Based on the calculation of the maturity level of IT governance, a value for MEA01 (Performance and Conformance) is obtained at 3.2, MEA02 (The System of Internal Control) of 3.3, and MEA03 (Compliance With External Requirements) of 3.3, which means that each subdomain is at level 3, which means Established Process, so that the average MEA maturity level is 3.3, which is in the Established Process status. The results of the recommendations of this study are for MEA01 subdomains need to establish guidelines and SOPs for the implementation of monitoring and evaluation of SIAK, there needs to be monitoring from the leadership of the duties of each stakeholder and set the standard reporting process from data collection, time and feedback from report results. The recommendation for the MEA02 subdomain is that AIKOM Ternate must develop a mechanism for controlling SIAK, develop SIAK quality assurance standards and carry out periodic evaluations of quality assurance. And recommendations for the MEA03 subdomain carry out periodic reviews and make guidelines and SOPs related to SIAK changes based on external changes.

Effect of head teachers’ partnerships collaboration on inclusive education implementation

The study investigated effect of head teachers’ partnerships collaboration on inclusive education implementation. Bartalanffy (1969) open systems advocates for head teachers to coordinate partnerships to address the lack of support systems for inclusive education. Descriptive survey was applied, and Chi-square tested the null hypothesis. Questionnaires were administered to 71 head teachers and 297 teachers, supplemented by document analysis. Interview was used on eight Quality Assurance Standards Officers (QASOs) and four Education Assessment Resource Centre Officers (EARCs). Quantitative data was coded and analysed using descriptive statistics, and presented in frequency tables and bar graphs. Qualitative data was coded, transcribed and presented in narrative form. Quantitative and qualitative data findings were discussed in juxtaposition with confirming or refuting the research evidence, and reinforcing the interpretation. The study established that majority of schools lacked well- structured coordinated partnerships. This implied that there was low partnership participation in schools’ programs as referenced by head teachers and teachers on provision for specialized teaching and learning resources, 63.4% and 63.3%; assessment of learners, 64.8% and 70.4%; funds outsourcing, 69% and 69.7%. It was recommended that head teachers should increase capacities in partnerships collaboration, and institute well-structured coordinated framework for partnerships engagement for effective inclusive education implementation.

The Detection of Unfused Powder in EBM and SLM Additive Manufactured Components

Additive manufacturing (AM) is recognized as a core technology for producing high value, complex, and individually designed components as well as prototypes, giving AM a significant advantage over subtractive machining. Selective laser melting (SLM) or electron beam melting (EBM) are two of the main technologies used for producing metal components. The powder size varies, depending on the technology and manufacturer, from 20–50 μm for SLM and 45–100 μm for EBM. One of the current barriers for implementing AM for most industries is the lack of build repeatability and a deficit in quality assurance standards. The mechanical properties of the components depend critically on the density achieved; therefore, defect analysis and detection of unfused powder must be carried out to verify the integrity of the components. Detecting unfused powder in AM parts using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is challenging because detection relies on variations in density. Unfused particles have the same density as the manufactured parts; therefore, detection is difficult using standard methods for density measurement. This study presents a methodology to detect unfused powders in SLM and EBM-manufactured components. Aluminum and titanium artefacts with designed internal defects filled with unfused powder are scanned with XCT and the results are analyzed with VGSTUDIO Max 3.0 (Volume Graphics, Germany) software package. Preliminary results indicate that detecting unfused powder in an aluminum SLM artifact with a 9.5 μm voxel size is achievable. This is possible because of the size of the voids between the powder particles and the non-uniform shape of the particles. Conversely, detecting unfused powder in the EBM-manufactured titanium artifact is less challenging owing to the uniform spherical shape and slightly larger size of the particles.