Humoral and cellular indices of immunity in newborns with early realization of the allergically changed reactivity

The complex immunologic examination in 39 children aged 2 to 28 days with early realization of the allergically changed reactivity in boys 61,5%, in girls 38,5% is performed. The peculiarities of immunologic reactivity in children with early realization of the allergically changed reactivity (the increase of the immune regulatory index due to the deficiency of CD 8+ lymphocytes, the increased expression of activation markers, the increase of Ig E) show the prevalence of the atopic response type. Uniformity of changes of the immune status indices in early and late neonatal period testifies the intrauterine and/or early change of immunocompetent cell phenotype under the influence of perinatal development factors of a child

Morphofunctional Features of Immunocompetent Cells in the Human Placenta from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The placenta is a unique organ that provides a normal functioning of foetus during the period of intrauterine development. However, in spite of its importance, the placenta remains poorly studied. Answers to the questions about immune interactions in the placenta can explain the development of many pregnancy complications. This paper studied age-related features of immunocompetent cell markers expression in the human placenta in normal and pathological conditions (type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DМ). We examined villous chorion samples obtained from 80 patients: 40 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 40 control subjects. Each of the groups was further divided into the subgroups of primiparas and multiparas, as well as into age subgroups (births before and after 28 years). We selected CD68 (macrophage marker), CD20 (B-lymphocyte marker) and CD57 (NK-cell marker) as molecules of interest. The research revealed differences in the expression of immunocompetent cell markers between the group of patients with T2DМ and the control group as well as age-related differences in the expression of these markers within the groups. In addition, we were able to study the morphofunctional state of the placentas. It is known that signalling molecules produced by immune cells play a key role in the pathological processes that can take place during pregnancy. The results obtained indicate a high epidemiological and scientific importance of inflammatory markers in assessing the gestation course and the possible development of somatic pathology in newborns, especially in women aged 28 or older. For citation: Makarenko S.V., Drobintseva A.O., Medvedev D.S., Bode I.I., Andreev A.E., Shumilkin V.R., Polyakova V.O. Morphofunctional features of Immunocompetent Cells in the human Placenta from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 153–162. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z053

Influence of oral application of Enterococcus faecium AL41 on TGF-β4 and IL-17 expression and immunocompetent cell distribution in chickens challenged with Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacteriosis is mainly caused by infection with Campylobacter jejuni following consumption or handling of Campylobacter-contaminated poultry meat. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic Enterococcus faecium AL41 on TGF-β4 and IL-17 expression and on immunocompetent cell distribution after C. jejuni infection in broiler chicken, as a second part of the previous study of Karaffová et al. (2017). Accordingly, day-old chicks were randomly divided into four experimental groups of 10 chicks each (n = 10): control (C), E. faecium AL41 (EFAL41), C. jejuni CCM6191 (CJ), and combined E. faecium AL41 + C. jejuni CCM6191 (EFAL41 + CJ). Samples from the caecum were collected on days 4 and 7 post Campylobacter infection (dpi), for the isolation of mRNA of TGF-β4, IL-17 and for immunohistochemistry. The relative mRNA expression of TGF-β4 was upregulated in the combined (EFAL41 + CJ) group compared to other groups during both samplings, but the expression of IL-17 was downregulated. Similarly, the highest density of CD3+ was detected in the combined group at 7 dpi, but the number of IgA+ cells was increased in both groups with EFAL41. It was concluded that the EFAL41 probiotic E. faecium strain can modulate the expression of selected cytokines (upregulation of TGF-β4 but downregulation of IL-17 relative expression), and activate IgA-producing cells in the caeca of chicks infected with C. jejuni CCM6191.