The investigation of classical particle in the presence of fractional calculus

In this article, by applying a preliminary and comprehensive definition of the fractional calculus, the effect of this calculus on the fractional derivatives corresponding to different aspects of physics such as Laplace transforms, Riemann-Liouville and Caputo has been specified. Applications of the fractional calculus in studying the dynamics of particle motion in classical mechanics are investigated analytically. Furthermore, we compare our results with those given in the ordinary condition and we show that this condition is simply found by removing the fractional effects and the expected results are obtained.

Performance Studies on Storage of White Onion for Good Keeping Quality Onion Varieties under Ordinary Condition

Onion is commercially cultivated and widely consumed as a vegetable and as spices in India. Post-harvest factors like curing, sorting, grading, packing, storage and transportation are, however, the main factors affecting the quality. The experiment conducted at Nashik and Karnal during Rabi seasons, revealed that at Nashik the lowest PLW (19.17 %) and total loss (29.69 %) were recorded in advance line-865 and 799, respectively, which was at par with advance lines-784, 810, 827, 885 and 857 in respect of PLW and advance lines-827, 865 and 857 regarding total loss. However, at Karnal the lowest PLW (32.24 %) and total loss (48.40 %) were recorded in advance line-793 and was at par with advance lines-784, 810, 827, 830, 832, 836 and 869 in respect of PLW and advance lines-562, 784, 810, 827, 830, 832 and 836 regarding total loss at five month after storage. It is concluded that the onion genotypes, which has recorded minimum total losses after five months of storage, can be utilized for developing a good keeping quality onion variety for the different agroclimatic condition.

Pros and Cons of Raw Vegan Diet

Diet has a major influence on both, human health and their behavior. Raw veganism is a diet that brings together two concepts: the one of veganism and the one of raw foodism, a diet that excludes all ASF (Animal Source Foods), all food cooked at a temperature above 48 °C (118 °F), and any food that is changed from its ordinary condition, and/or processed. The aim of the study was to bring more information about raw vegan diet and the controversy raw vegan versus cooked food. Scientific data taken into account recommend the use of the raw vegan diet mostly for a short period.

Montaigne on Animals

The “animal question” stands at the center of contemporary debates over modern subjectivity and its deconstruction. Taking as a point of departure the references made by Jacques Derrida to Montaigne’s defense of animals in the “Apology for Raymond Sebond”, this article seeks to demonstrate the fundamental differences separating the projects of these two thinkers. For Derrida, the animal presents itself to the human subject as a figure of radical alterity, precluding any attempts at establishing a homogeneous continuity. While challenging the dogmatic rationalist presumption to know the “internal impulses” of the animals, Montaigne for his part emphasizes the homogeneity of animal and human behaviors and the natural kinship uniting mankind with the animals. The animal represents for man a model of self-appropriation, appropriation to one’s “ordinary” condition and to one’s body. Thus, we find thus more continuities than a radical conflict between Montaigne and the “modern” rationalist tradition.

Crack and Deflection Research of R.C. Beams Bonded with Steel Plate under the Opposite Side Loading Condition

This paper describes the test of six reinforced concrete (R.C.) beams strengthened by epoxy-bonded plate under the opposite side loading condition and the ordinary condition. The data of the developing crack, and the deflection of beams are experimentally obtained. At the same time, the maximum crack width and the deflection are calculated through theoretical analysis. It analyzes the deflection and the crack developing fact of Strengthened beam on the two different conditions and draws a conclusion that R.C. beam of opposite side loading Strengthened by Epoxy-0bonded plate condition have many advantages, such as improving the stiffness and lessoning the crack width and so on. It shows that this method can get a satisfied strengthening effect.

Combination Effects of Nilotinib and Zoledronic Acid On Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Are Canceled in the Co-Culture System Which Mimic the Bone Marrow Microenvironment.

Abstract 2459 Prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been dramatically improved by the induction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as a first-line treatment. However, cure is still difficult because of the existence of leukemic stem cell (LSC). Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a 3rd-generation bisphosphonate that inhibits bone matrix resorption of osteoclasts (OCs), and inhibit the proliferation of several tumor cells by preventing posttranslational prenylation of Ras-related proteins. We have previously reported that ZOL possess anti-leukemic effect that augments synergistically the activity of imatinib mesylate (Kuroda, et al. Blood 2003), and OCs maintain leukemic cells in a quiescent state under newly developed co-culture system (Yokota, et al. Leuk Res 2010). Thus, we hypothesized that the treatment of ZOL combined with nilotinib (Nilo) may be effective to eliminate dormant leukemic cell population, called LSCs, by attacking the OCs. To test this hypothesis, we examined the combined effect of Nilo and ZOL on the human CML cell line BV173 and BaF3 cells expressing p190 wild type BCR-ABL (BaF3/BCR-ABL) in vitro. Firstly, modified MTT assay was performed with ordinary condition (without any other co-cultured cells), resulting that ZOL augmented synergistically in vitro effects of Nilo both on cell lines (combination index < 1 at Fa=0.5) (Figure 1). Next we investigated the anti-leukemic effects of Nilo and ZOL using our developed co-culture system including osteoblasts (OBs), OCs and bone slices (Yokota, et al. Leuk Res 2010). 104 BaF3/BCR-ABL cells were applied to transwell chambers in each well of the co-culture plate (thus, BaF3/BCR-ABL cells did not attach directly to OBs, OCs and bones). Next day, each well was exposed to saline, Nilo 10nM, ZOL 10uM or Nilo 10nM plus ZOL 10uM. 48 hours after treatment, the viable cell number of BaF3/BCR-ABL was counted by trypan blue staining. Cell numbers were as follows; control: 55.79×104/well, Nilo only: 36.17×104/well, ZOL only: 64.46×104/well, Nilo plus ZOL: 39.42×104/well, respectively (Figure 2). These results suggested that combination effect of Nilo plus ZOL in vitro was canceled in the co-culture system. In the same condition, 7-AAD/Annexin V double staining was also performed. The apoptotic rates were as follows; control: 38.05 ± 2.36 %, Nilo only: 29.49 ± 2.59 %, ZOL only: 37.67 ± 1.39 %, Nilo plus ZOL: 29.66 ± 5.67 %. The results indicated that co-culture system of mimic the bone marrow microenvironment changed the drug effect on BaF3/BCR-ABL to resistance. To reveal the mechanisms of this phenomenon, TGF-ƒÀ1 concentration in the co-culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. In the previous report, when BaF3/BCR-ABL were co-cultured with OBs, OCs and bone slices, their proliferation was significantly suppressed and TGF-ƒÀ1 was significantly higher in supernatants from the co-culture system consisted of OB+OC+bone than control. In the present study, TGF-ƒÀ1 ratios (TGF-ƒÀ1 concentration in each well administrated with each agent/that in the medium without any cells) were almost same among wells treated with each agent. These results suggested that TGF-ƒÀ1 concentrations maintained for a while even after OCs were destroyed by ZOL and the remained TGF-ƒÀ1 affected the effects of anti-cancer agents on the proliferation of CML cells. In conclusion, the present study suggested that the evaluation of combined effects in ordinary culture system without any other cells which consist of microenvironment might not be correctly reflected in more physiological system. Therefore, it may be important to utilize the co-culture system used here to evaluate the effects of anti-cancer agents. Figure 1. Combination effects of Nilo and ZOL evaluated in ordinary condition. To examine the combined effects of Nilo with ZOL on (A) BaF3/BCR-ABL and (B) BC173, modified MTT assay was performed with ordinary condition (without any other co-cultured cells). The fraction affected (Fa) (i.e. Fa of 0.5 would equal 50% viable cells) and the combination index (CI) were calculated with CalcuSyn (Biosoft). Figure 1. Combination effects of Nilo and ZOL evaluated in ordinary condition. . / To examine the combined effects of Nilo with ZOL on (A) BaF3/BCR-ABL and (B) BC173, modified MTT assay was performed with ordinary condition (without any other co-cultured cells). The fraction affected (Fa) (i.e. Fa of 0.5 would equal 50% viable cells) and the combination index (CI) were calculated with CalcuSyn (Biosoft). Figure 2. Combination effects of Nilo and ZOL evaluated in co-culture system. Living cell numbers which were treated with saline (no treat), Nilo, ZOL and Nilo plus ZOL (N+Z) either in control culture system without any co-cultured cells (white bar) or co-culture system (black bar) were counted by trypan blue assay. Co-culture system consisted of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and bone slices. Figure 2. Combination effects of Nilo and ZOL evaluated in co-culture system. . / Living cell numbers which were treated with saline (no treat), Nilo, ZOL and Nilo plus ZOL (N+Z) either in control culture system without any co-cultured cells (white bar) or co-culture system (black bar) were counted by trypan blue assay. Co-culture system consisted of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and bone slices. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Experimental Study on Ice Storage System for a Small High Temperature Cold Store

The ice storage system for a small high temperature cold store is introduced in details with the principle, structure, design and experimental methods. This system was tested in all possible conditions, and the performance in super cooling condition was compared with the ordinary condition. The results show that the cold store cooling system using ice storage technology could adapt to the power supply better, and reduce the power expense effectively.

Germination Responses of Some Forage Species of Eastern Terai, Nepal

Freshly harvested seeds of the species (legumes: Alysicarpus vaginalis and Desmodium triflorum; grasses. Axonopus compressus and Chrysopogon aciculatus) failed to germinate even after acid scarification and incubation under different light qualities, whereas seven-nine-month old seeds exhibited germination in the order: D. triflorum (23%) > A. compresses (17%) > A. vaginalis (13%) > C. aciculatus (4%) without acid scarification or nutrient treatment. The legumes contained yellowish brown (Yb) and brick-red (Br) seeds in their pods in the ratio of 4:1. The Yb seeds had hard seed covering very slowly permeable to water. Storage of seeds under room conditions in sealed polythene pouches up to three years profoundly inhibited germination in Br seeds but had little effect on Yb seeds. The nine-month-old Br seeds had maximum germination (24 and 38%, respectively in A. vaginalis and D. triflorum) when submerged in water for 24 h before sowing, whereas germination in submerged in water for three days as a pretreatment. Germination in Yb seeds of the same age was 72 and 77%, respectively in A. vaginalis and 84% in D. triflorum when seven-eight-month old seeds were scarified with mixed (Yb and Br) seed lot was 71% in A. vaginalis and 84% in D. triforum when seven-eight-month old seeds were scarified with sulphuric acid for 10 min and incubated under red light for a week. The fresh seeds of A. compressus had 79% in viability (TTC test) which declined to 5% after storage for three years, and nine-month-old caryopses when treated with nitric acid for ten minute and incubated under red light for 18 days had maximum (45%) germination. In C. aciculatus. Seeds had only 37% viability when fresh, and they completely lost viability after storage for two years, and nine-month old caryopses had maximum (17%) germination when treated with 0.5% solution of potassium nitrate and incubated under ordinary condition for 25 days.Key words: Seed attributes; storage; viability; acid scarification; light; imbibition; potassium niratedoi: 10.3126/eco.v13i0.1629Ecoprint (An international Journal of Ecology) Vol.13, 2006 page 49-60

The Study on the Dispersants and Structures of Ni-P-α-Al2O3 Composite Electroless Plating Coating

Dispersants are selected and optimized by determining the height of emulsion in the colorimetric cylinder after standing in order to ensure the homogeneity of the powder and the stability of electroless plating solution. Experimental results show that non-ionic surfactants such as PEG6000,PEG10000,OP-10 have stronger emulsifying ability to α-Al2O3 powder in ordinary condition and IW has more stability at 80~90°C. The optimum conditions are suggested as PEG6000 8g, IW 0.95g and ethanol 3mL per 50mL solution. Moreover, this composite electrolessplating solution is stable for seven days under 90°C. Therefore it has more dispersing ability. The SEM images show that the powder in the coating is homogeneous. The electroless plating coating consists of α-Al2O3 and amorphous Ni-P that will change into crystal Ni3P and Ni-base solid solution after heat treatment at 400°C for one hour, the α-Al2O3 powders are dispersed evenly in the nickel matrix.