Paradigms of frustration in superionic solid electrolytes

Superionic solid electrolytes have widespread use in energy devices, but the fundamental motivations for fast ion conduction are often elusive. In this Perspective, we draw upon atomistic simulations of a wide range of superionic conductors to illustrate some ways frustration can lower diffusion cation barriers in solids. Based on our studies of halides, oxides, sulfides and hydroborates and a survey of published reports, we classify three types of frustration that create competition between different local atomic preferences, thereby flattening the diffusive energy landscape. These include chemical frustration, which derives from competing factors in the anion–cation interaction; structural frustration, which arises from lattice arrangements that induce site distortion or prevent cation ordering; and dynamical frustration, which is associated with temporary fluctuations in the energy landscape due to anion reorientation or cation reconfiguration. For each class of frustration, we provide detailed simulation analyses of various materials to show how ion mobility is facilitated, resulting in stabilizing factors that are both entropic and enthalpic in origin. We propose the use of these categories as a general construct for classifying frustration in superionic conductors and discuss implications for future development of suitable descriptors and improvement strategies. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Understanding fast-ion conduction in solid electrolytes’.

Behavioral structure of users in cryptocurrency market

Human behavior as they engaged in financial activities is intimately connected to the observed market dynamics. Despite many existing theories and studies on the fundamental motivations of the behavior of humans in financial systems, there is still limited empirical deduction of the behavioral compositions of the financial agents from a detailed market analysis. Blockchain technology has provided an avenue for the latter investigation with its voluminous data and its transparency of financial transactions. It has enabled us to perform empirical inference on the behavioral patterns of users in the market, which we explore in the bitcoin and ethereum cryptocurrency markets. In our study, we first determine various properties of the bitcoin and ethereum users by a temporal complex network analysis. After which, we develop methodology by combining k-means clustering and Support Vector Machines to derive behavioral types of users in the two cryptocurrency markets. Interestingly, we found four distinct strategies that are common in both markets: optimists, pessimists, positive traders and negative traders. The composition of user behavior is remarkably different between the bitcoin and ethereum market during periods of local price fluctuations and large systemic events. We observe that bitcoin (ethereum) users tend to take a short-term (long-term) view of the market during the local events. For the large systemic events, ethereum (bitcoin) users are found to consistently display a greater sense of pessimism (optimism) towards the future of the market.

Estudiar Online en Contexto de Pandemia Covid-19

La pandemia por Covid-19 ha provocado un fuerte impacto en los hábitos, rutinas, desplazamientos, modos de relacionarse presentes en la actividad de estudio. Se analiza desde la perspectiva de la Teoría Histórico Cultural de la Actividad (THCA), las experiencias vividas por estudiantes de la educación superior en Chile, y se discute sobre la incidencia relativa de factores estructurales y procesuales asociados, con especial énfasis en el desarrollo de estrategias de autoregulación, y el rol de mediadores en el enfrentamiento de las exigencias académicas y temporales. -- The purpose of this work is to characterize the experiences related to the meaning of life that elderly women with feelings of loneliness build. Through qualitative methodology, the narratives were examined under the four Fundamental Motivations of Existential Analysis by Alfried Längle, which revealed a loss of meaning of life and a lack of connection with the world. Findings show a great pain due the loss in the quality of affective relationships with their immediate surroundings, where they do not teel recognized or appreciated. Even when a weak meaning of life is observed, these women struggle to find a reason to live.

Mujeres adultas mayores. Una visión desde la subjetividad de las protagonistas en relación a su sentido de vida y el sentimiento de soledad

El propósito de esta investigación fue caracterizar las vivencias en torno al sentido de vida que construyen las mujeres adultas mayores con sentimientos de soledad. Mediante una metodología cualitativa, las narrativas resultantes fueron examinadas bajo las cuatro Motivaciones Fundamentales del Análisis Existencial de Alfried Längle. Éstas develaron una pérdida de relación con la vida y una falta de conexión al mundo. Los hallazgos muestran una dolorosa pérdida en la calidad de las relaciones afectivas con su entorno más inmediato, donde no se sienten reconocidas ni apreciadas. Aun cuando se observa un débil sentido de vida, estas mujeres luchan por encontrar un para qué vivir. -- The purpose of this work is to characterize the experiences related to the meaning of life that elderly women with feelings of loneliness build. Through qualitative methodology, the narratives were examined under the four Fundamental Motivations of Existential Analysis by Alfried Längle, which revealed a loss of meaning of life and a lack of connection with the world. Findings show a great pain due the loss in the quality of affective relationships with their immediate surroundings, where they do not teel recognized or appreciated. Even when a weak meaning of life is observed, these women struggle to find a reason to live.

Existential Factors of Subjective Well-Being Among Student’s Youth

The article examines different approaches to the study of subjective well-being, with a focus on existential aspects, namely the role of existential content for the emotional and cognitive components of subjective well-being. The empirical study was performed on a sample of student youth. 64 students of Kharkiv National University by V.N. Karazin, aged 17 to 23 years old took part in our research. Tests that were used in this research: the test of existential motivations of A. Lengle and P. Edhard, the scale of subjective well-being Perrudel-Badoux, Mendelsohn, the scale of life satisfaction E. Diener. The nature of the correlations between the four existential motivations and existential fulfillment with the level of subjective well-being and life satisfaction is established, as well as the coefficients of regression of existential motivations at the level of subjective well-being and life satisfaction. In general, existential fulfilment is a precondition for ensuring a high level of subjective well-being and life satisfaction. Existential fullness has been shown to have a greater effect on the emotional component of subjective well-being than on cognitive satisfaction with life, with a tendency for fundamental motivations to affect different components of subjective well-being. The nature of the connections between the four existential motivations and existential fullness in general with the indicators of subjective well-being and life satisfaction has been established. There have been constructed regression models that describe the importance of fundamental motivations for subjective well-being and life satisfaction in the studied age group. It is determined that existential motivations, which reflect the fundamental trust in the world and the formed image of a meaningful future, have a significant influence on the formation of subjective well-being and life satisfaction in student’s youth.

The influence of the specificity of fundamental values on interpersonal dependence in friendships

The article is devoted to the problem of the influence of the specifics of fundamental values on the type of interpersonal dependence in friendly relations. The author shows the actualised need to consider behavioural dependences on the example of interpersonal dependence due to the lack of scientific knowledge in this area. The specificity of interrelationships between the aspects of four fundamental motivations and normative and non-normative types of interpersonal dependence is revealed. The author considers aspects of fundamental motivations as predictors of the types of interpersonal dependence, namely, destructive overdependence and healthy dependence. In conclusion, the author concludes that some aspects of fundamental values have a specific impact on the formation of interpersonal dependence in close friendships. The data obtained can contribute to the development of practical methods for the prevention of abnormal types of interpersonal dependence.

Deconstructing the Discursive Construction of Environmental Colonialism in Native America: A Study of Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony and Almanac of the Dead

This paper deconstructs the Europeans’ environmental colonialism in Native America and, in that, elucidates that the rhetorical tactics and fundamental motivations, which are employed to ‘other’ people, are essentially the same as those used to ‘other’ environment and nature with all of its ecological subjects. A qualitative content analysis, the study investigates this notion in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony and Almanac of the Dead in the light of the joint critique of biocolonization and critical discourse analysis. Linguistically, it applies Fairclough’s approach of critical discourse analysis focusing on three scenarios of discourse: an acceptance of difference, an accentuation of difference, and an attempt to resolve difference. Through this critique of power, hegemony and identity, the research highlights the Natives’ objectification and representation by the white colonizer and the subsequent resistance by the Natives. The analysis reveals how the process of environmental colonialism, specifically biopiracy and biocolonization, is naturalized by the colonizer through discourse structure. Additionally, it deconstructs this discourse structure to attempt to resolve the difference exploited by the colonizer to exercise their colonial practice over the natives and their environment. Hence, the study discursively adds to the existing solutions to combat the environmental colonialism.

Introducción a la terapia analítica existencial. / Introduction to existential analytic therapy.

El Análisis Existencial es un modelo psicoterapéutico con sus orígenes en la logoterapia de Viktor Frankl. El desarrollo posterior del Análisis Existencial (AE), muestra nuevas aproximaciones a lo que entendemos por existencia, tomando una perspectiva más cercana al mundo subjetivo de la persona y su relación dialógica con el mundo. La teoría habla de un ser humano con tres motivaciones fundamentales: poder ser, gustar de la vida y ser uno mismo. Estas motivaciones personales son referidas hacia un mundo exterior, el cual provee de significados para existir (Sentido), tema desarrollado en profundidad por la logoterapia y obra de Viktor Frankl. El objetivo del presente artículo es acercar a la comunidad académica al paradigma existencial y abrir nuevas miradas para los futuros psicólogos/as. Existential Analysis is a psychotherapeutic model with its origins in the speech therapy of Viktor Frankl. The further development of Existential Analysis (AE), shows new approaches to what we understand by existence, taking a perspective closer to the subjective world of the person and its dialogical relationship with the world. The theory speaks of a human being with three fundamental motivations; To be, to like life and be yourself. These personal motivations are referred to an external world, which provides meanings to exist (Sense) theme developed in depth by the logotherapy and work of Viktor Frankl. The objective of this article is to bring the academic community closer to the existential paradigm and open new perspectives for future psychologists.

Essential Self-Evaluation Motives

This chapter argues that people care deeply about who they are: that is, their evaluation of their own self as a whole matters greatly to them, one way or another. These evaluations reflect the impact of various self-evaluation motives, or self-motives. Much human psychology addresses the interplay of these self-motives, and whether and how they harmonize or clash. The chapter considers humans’ two most fundamental motivations, which are important elements of the human essence: self-assessment and self-enhancement. The chapter suggests that “the essence of being human is caring about who one is and wishing for it to be some desirable way, but at the same time having the conclusions one wants to draw constrained by rationality.”