The effect of antifungal and Ago and Zno nanoparticles on Trichophyton mentagrophytes

This study aimed to determine the main species of dermatophytes which caused skin infection and effect of antifungal and Ago and Zno nanoparticles on them. The result of this study showed that out of 80 sample, 54 sample were positive to fungal isolation with ratio 67.5%. and according to culture and PCR results %8383 of isolated type belong to Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Trichophyton mentagrophytes resistant to Nystatin and Fluconazole while sensitive to Griesofulvin, Clotrimazole and Flucytosin. MIC of Ago and Zno nanoparticle against Trichophyton mentagrophytes were 250 and 275 μg /ml while MFC were 275 and 300 μg /ml respectively. Results of RAPD PCR showed that both Ago and Zno nanoparticle effect in genetic material of Trichophyton mentagrophytes Key words: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, nanoparticle, RAPD PCR

Cellulose and TiO2–ZrO2 Nanocomposite as a Catalyst for Glucose Conversion to 5-EMF

This work demonstrated the use of green material catalysts, produced from Sengon sawdust waste, to obtain nanocellulose biopolymers. The green material catalysts were utilized as catalysts support of TiO2−ZrO2 binary oxide in the form of nanocomposite materials with superior synergistic properties. The isolation of nanocellulose was achieved using a hydrolysis method with a yield of 63.40%. The TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles have average particle sizes of around 25 and 15 nm, respectively, and the binary oxides of TiO2–ZrO2 pretained an average particle size of 30 nm were used. Furthermore, the nanocellulose combined with the TiO2−ZrO2 binary oxide had formed a cellulose/TiO2−ZrO2 nanocomposite with an average particle size of 30 nm. This indicates that the supporting nanocellulose can stabilize the nanoparticles and avoid aggregation. Moreover, the nanocomposites can be used as a catalyst for the conversion of glucose to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (5-EMF). The catalytic activity increased with the nanoparticle effect obtained ZrO2, TiO2, TiO2-ZrO2, and cellulose and TiO2-ZrO2 nanocomposite, in 15.50%, 20.20%, 35.20%, and 45.50% yields, respectively. The best yield of 5-EMF was 45.50%, with reaction conditions of 1:1 TiO2–ZrO2 ratio, 4 h reaction time, and 160 °C reaction temperature. The use of nanocellulose biopolymer generated from Sengon sawdust waste in Indonesia provides a promising catalyst support material as an alternative green catalyst. In addition, the glucose carbohydrates can be converted to biofuel feedstocks in the development of a renewable alternative energy. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).