Prospects for the use of polymer composite materials in the manufacture of prostheses (review)

One of the areas of application of composite materials is their use in the manufacture of parts of prosthetic limbs. Advances in the development of composite materials in recent years have led to an active growth in their use in modern orthopedic medicine. Composites have excellent characteristics of strength and weight compared with metallic materials, as well as biocompatibility, which allows them to be used in the manufacture of prostheses. The article discusses various composite materials and their physico-mechanical properties, manufacturing companies and their products for people with different needs. VIAM has developed a whole series of materials that can be proposed for the manufacture of prostheses.

Foundation Kharkiv Medical-Mechanical Institute early twentieth century

One of the leading trauma centers and orthopedic medicine in Ukraine is the Institute of Spine and Joint them. prof. M. I. Sytenka Academy of Medical NAMS of Ukraine, which was founded at the beginning of the last century called Medical-Mechanical Institute (1907). The initiative of its foundation belongs representative business organization Southern economic region in Southern Russia Congress of Miners (Kharkiv city) and its head Nikolai Fedorovich von Ditmar. The purpose of article are the analysis of the creating process, the main activities and the targets of Medical-Mechanical Institute. The research methodology is based on the system of principles (scientism, objectivism and historicism) and the scientific methods. The use of general scientific (analytical, synthetic, systemic) and special-historical (historical-typological, historical-comparative, chronological) methods allowed to analyze the worldwide experience of these institutions founding, to select the features of the Medical-Mechanical Institute. Results. Due to the high level of traumatism mining and factory work before business corporation faced the task of ensuring workers' professional level treatment and determine the degree of disability. The Institute was organized on the model of similar health care institutions in Germany. Novelty of research. Article shows that the just a few years the Institute was equipped with everything needed to perform complex surgical and posttraumatic the first two years of maintaining mechanical Medical Congresses Miners Institute of Southern Russia spent over 100 000 rub.; annual maintenance of the Institute ranged from 40 thousand Russian money in the 1914–1915 biennium 80 000 rub. in 1912–1913. Led by this medical institution talented organizer and scientist Dr. Carl F. Wegner. It was highlighted that doctors Medical Institute mechanical maintained professional relationships with German and domestic medical institutions, fruitful and close cooperation established with the medical faculty of Kharkov University. Conclusions. Pretty soon Kharkov Medical and Mechanical Institute became a leading center of traumatology and implementation of entrepreneurs other social projects. Modern Institute of Spine and Joint them. prof. M. I. Sytenka is a worthy successor Academy of Medical Medical Mechanical Institute, health care, where honor the memory of its founders retain tradition and keep up to date with innovations.

Drug Delivery Based on Nanotechnology for Target Bone Disease

Bone diseases are a serious problem in modern human life. With the coming acceleration of global population ageing, this problem will become more and more serious. Due to the specific physiological characteristics and local microenvironment of bone tissue, it is difficult to deliver drugs to the lesion site. Therefore, the traditional orthopedic medicine scheme has the disadvantages of high drug frequency, large dose and relatively strong side effects. How to target deliver drugs to the bone tissue or even target cells is the focus of the development of new drugs. Nano drug delivery system with a targeting group can realize precise delivery of orthopedic drugs and effectively reduce the systemic toxicity. In addition, the application of bone tissue engineering scaffolds and biomedical materials to realize in situ drug delivery also are research hotspot. In this article, we briefly review the application of nanotechnology in targeted therapies for bone diseases.

Role of the Complement System in the Response to Orthopedic Biomaterials

Various synthetic biomaterials are used to replace lost or damaged bone tissue that, more or less successfully, osseointegrate into the bone environment. Almost all biomaterials used in orthopedic medicine activate the host-immune system to a certain degree. The complement system, which is a crucial arm of innate immunity, is rapidly activated by an implanted foreign material into the human body, and it is intensely studied regarding blood-contacting medical devices. In contrast, much less is known regarding the role of the complement system in response to implanted bone biomaterials. However, given the increasing knowledge of the complement regulation of bone homeostasis, regeneration, and inflammation, complement involvement in the immune response following biomaterial implantation into bone appears very likely. Moreover, bone cells can produce complement factors and are target cells of activated complement. Therefore, new bone formation or bone resorption around the implant area might be greatly influenced by the complement system. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on biomaterial-mediated complement activation, with a focus on materials primarily used in orthopedic medicine. In addition, methods to modify the interactions between the complement system and bone biomaterials are discussed, which might favor osseointegration and improve the functionality of the device.

Ultrasound guided joint space distance changes during manual traction of acromioclavicular joint in young and healthy adults

Introduction: Manual traction is a commonly used technique in manual therapy. However, depicting changes in joint space distance via real time imaging during traction is seldomly applied. The aims of the study were to identify ACJ joint space distance changes during manual traction and creation of a classification of the techniques upon the largest change in the resultant parameter (l) representing joint space distance. Material and methods: Thirteen healthy volunteers were examined unilaterally. Acromioclavicular joint space distance changes were measured with dynamic ultrasound imaging during followingmanual traction techniques: International Academy of Orthopedic Medicine technique (IAOM AC), Karel Lewit’s Prague School of Manual Medicine & Rehabilitation technique (LAC) and author’s own proposition (B AC). The differences in joint space distance between resting position (RP) and the traction technique position, created three parameters of displacement - horizontal (x), vertical (y) and (l) - the resultant component. Results: Parameters were not coherent with normal distribution. Statistical differences showed significance in the (x) parameter for IAOM AC compared with L AC (p<0,0183) and B AC (p<0,02). All techniques presented a significant increase of the resultant distance (l), compared with RP as the reference value - IAOM AC p<0,0036, L AC and B AC p<0,0000. In few cases L AC decreased the distance in the (x) parameter, but not significantly. Conclusions: 1.Significant changes of (x) parameter did not correspond with the significance of the resultant parameter (l), which prevented authors from creating a classification of the techniques. 2.All traction techniques used in the study increased the joint space distance compared to RP, which confirms traction’s theoretical assumptions. 3.For clinical purpose the change of (x) parameter may prove crucial for therapy’s effectiveness, despite lack of change in the joint space distance in the resultant parameter (l) by itself.