The Presentation of Clinical Results of Radiolabelling of 99mTc-MIBI Complex Using Ultrasound Technique for Myocardial Perfusion Scanning (MPS)

Background The initial objective and opinion of this study is introducing the clinical results of the 99mTc-MIBI complex radiolabelling utilizing ultrasound method as an approach for labeling MIBI kits with 99mTc instead of applying a boiling water bath as a usual and standard method. Materials and methods Twenty MIBI kits were bought for twenty patient volunteers. 555–3330 MBq (15–90 mCi) freshly eluted solution of Na+ 99mTcO4− was added to freeze-dry MIBI Kits. Moreover, ten kits were labeled applying ultrasound radiation method as an alternative approach (The vials were sonicated in thermo noted bath (Elma, P = 50 W, Germany) at 60\(\text{℃}\) and for 60 seconds), and other kits were provided applying boiling water bath method as a standard approach. Twenty patient volunteers (8 men and 12 women; age range 30–72, median 52.45 years) took part in this research. These people had gone to the hospital for myocardial perfusion imaging. These twenty volunteer patients were divided into two groups (every group contains ten people): group A (involving 3 men and 7 women with an age range from 36 to 67 years and a mean age of 51.7 years), and group B (involving 5 men and 5 women with an age range from 30 to 72 years and an average age of 50.3 years). The 99mTc-MIBI complex samples provided by ultrasound method were injected into group A subjects intravenously and group B received 99mTc-MIBI vials provided by boiling water bath approach (intravenous injection). In this research, the myocardial perfusion-SPECT was handled applying a rest-stress protocol which is done two isolated days for all volunteer patients. Results The results provided in this research applying radio-HPLC and ITLC, indicate that radio-labeling of MIBI vial with 99mTc can be provided with high effectiveness and appropriate acceptance applying ultrasound method as a novel approach. The imaging research applying SPECT indicated that the 99mTc-MIBI complex samples that were made ready applying ultrasound irradiation approach indicate very similar biodistribution in the heart, thyroid, lung, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, stomach, GI and bladder of the volunteer patients. Non-habitual aggregation of 99mTc-MIBI samples were not observed in our approach. Conclusions This research indicated that sonication approach can be proposed for providing 99mTc-MIBI radio-complex samples. The reaction time to provide radio-complex can be considerably decreased compared to the boiling water bath approach. This main development may decrease potential risk to the patient to inhibit any delay in emergency situations like acute therapy, especially for myocardial infarction patients in clinical practice.

Performance improvements of a short glass fiber-reinforced PA66 composite

A plate used in a medium voltage switch, made by a 25 wt% glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 66 composite filled with flame-retardant red phosphorus (RP) (PA66-GF25 FR (RP)), was injection molded. To satisfy the relatively high dimensional accuracy requirement, a “supporting mold” was used to compensate for the difference between the transverse and longitudinal linear shrinkage of the PA66-GF25 FR (RP). To reduce the internal residual stress caused by the “supporting mold,” hygrothermal conditioning treatments, including boiling water bath at 90–100°C and re-drying at 110°C, were used. To determine the effects of boiling water bath and re-drying on the dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of the product, three treatment routes were applied. It was found that the route in which the boiling water bath is applied after the “supporting mold” is preferred to ensure the dimensional accuracies and the mechanical properties as a whole. Using a boiling water bath as a hygrothermal conditioning treatment can improve the mechanical properties and increase the dimensional accuracy of the product. In addition, by using the preferred route, re-drying can further improve the tensile, bending, and even impact strength.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tyrosine as Reductor and Capping Agent

Synthesis and stability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using tyrosine as a reducing and capping agent have been done. Synthesis of AgNPs was performed by mixing silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution as a precursor with tyrosine amino acid and heating it in a boiling water bath until characterized by the appearance of color change from colorless to yellow. Variations in pH, concentration, and reaction time affecting the formation of AgNPs were studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometry in the wavelength range of 300-700 nm as the main device. The synthesis was successfully conducted at pH 11 for 45 min with the optimum tyrosine concentration was 3 mM for 0.5 mM AgNO3. The optimum mole ratio AgNO3 0.5 mM to tyrosine 3 mM was 1:6. TEM and PSA characterizations showed that the particle was a round shape and 29.5 nm is average size, respectively.

SINTESIS DAN STUDI STABILITAS NANOPARTIKEL PERAK TERTUDUNG ASAM SALISILAT

Silver nanoparticles capped with salicylic acid have been synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate with salicylic acid without additional capping agent. In the formation of silver nanoparticles, the solution of silver nitrate was first mixed with the pH 11 salicylic acid solutions at a mole ratio of 1:40. The mixture was heated for 45 minutes in a boiling water bath. The formation of silver nanoparticles was indicated by the appearance of yellow color and monitored using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The maximum peak of resulted silver nanoparticles appeared in the range of 410-420 nm with the average size of particles was 66±28 nm. Stability test over a period of 16 weeks showed that silver nanoparticles capped with salicylic acid were stable. The results of stability test show that salicylic acid simultaneously act as reducing as well as capping agent in the formation of silver nanoparticles.

Experimental Investigation on Determination of Chitosan by Spectrophotometry

Chitosan is a natural basic polysaccharide, currently which have no a very effective way to determine its content. In this paper, we used mixed acid and ultrasound-assisted with chitosan which hydrolyzed into glucosamine, under alkaline condition acetyl acetone may react with paradimethylaminobenzaldehyde acid alcohol solution to form red compound, which was measured at 525nm by spectrophotometry. More appropriate technological conditions have been determined. The results showed that the optimal conditions for quantity of chitosan was 2mg, 0.168mol/L hydrochloric acid was 0.8ml, 75% sulfuric acid was 3.5ml, in boiling water bath for 30min, supersonic for 60min at 50 °C, the average recovery was 96.9±3.24%, the content of chitosan was 87.89±1.02%, the production rate of chitosan was 84.79±0.99%. The results show that the mentioned method is easy and effective for the quantitative analysis of chitosan by spectrophotometry.

Determination of Inulin in Foods

A method was developed for determining fructan inulin in various foods (yogurts, honey cakes, chocolates). Warm water was applied for extraction of samples, and mono- and dissacharides were determined by a thin-layer chromatographic densitometric method. A portion of the test solution was hydrolyzed 30 min with 1% oxalic acid in a boiling water bath. Fructose was determined in the hydrolysate. The amount of inulin in a sample was calculated as the difference between the amount of fructose in the sample before and after hydrolysis. The fructose from sucrose formed during the hydrolysis was also considered. The mean recovery from yogurt fortified with 4% inulin was 95.5 ± 4.5% (mean ± standard deviation); from honey cakes extract fortified with 10% inulin, 97.3 ± 5.5%; and from chocolate extract fortified with 30% inulin, 98.6 ± 6.6% (6 replicates in all cases). Determination of glucose is not necessary for analyzing fructans with the composition expressed shortened to GFn−1 (G, glucose; F, fructosyl) with the average degree of polymerization 8 ≤ n ≤ 15.

Improved sample preparation in determination of urinary metanephrines by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

In this relatively simple procedure for extracting metanephrines from urine, after an internal standard (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine in 1 mmol/L HCl) is added, the sample is hydrolyzed in a boiling water bath, then treated with ammonia and alumina. Excess ammonia is removed under reduced pressure and the sample is applied to a 1-mL Bond Elut SCX column, which is washed, and metanephrines and internal standard are eluted with 0.5 mmol/L sodium acetate/acetonitrile (3/1 by vol). Of this elute, 5 microL is injected into a 15 cm x 4.6 mm (i.d.) column packed with 5-microns octadecylsilyl silica particles, which is eluted with a mobile phase containing tetramethylammonium perchlorate. Peaks are detected coulometrically at +0.28 V. In the resulting chromatogram, metanephrines give sharp peaks, well resolved from peaks for solvent and internal standard. There are no extraneous peaks for catechols or mono-oxygenated phenylethylamines. Results correlated well (r = 0.999, n = 13) with those by earlier described liquid-chromatography.

pH of Oregon-Grown Figs and Their Acidification for Home-Canning1

The pH of locally-grown Oregon figs in three crops was determined before and after cooking, and the proportion of lemon juice which must be added to lower the pH to 4.6 or below for safe canning by the boiling water bath method was determined. The pH of figs averaged 5.51 but was higher as figs were riper. The addition of 15 ml of lemon juice per pint of figs canned in syrup was sufficient to lower the pH of the processed fruit to 4.6 or below.