The Hair Protection Efficacies of Hair Conditioner Containing Muunsan Extract

This study attempted to investigate the possibility of using Muunsan extract as a new natural cosmetic ingredient by preparing a hair conditioner containing such an extract, applying it to permed hair, and analyzing its effects with the goal remedying subalhwangrak (yellowish and gray hair losing gloss and smoothness) as defined in oehyeongpyeon (external medicine) of the Donguibogam (Korean medical encyclopedia). According to measurements, ‘V’ was the greatest, followed by ‘C-2’, ‘C-1’, ‘B-2’, ‘A-2’, ‘B-1’, ‘A-1’, and ‘C’ in terms of hair thickness and tensile strength. In other words, ‘C-2 (hair post-treated with a hair conditioner containing Muunsan extract)’ was the best, following only virgin hair in terms of hair thickness and tensile strength. In terms of absorbance, ‘C’ was the highest, followed by ‘A-1’, ‘B-1’, ‘A-2’, ‘B-2’, ‘C-1’, ‘C-2’ and ‘V’. In other words, ‘C-2’ was the lowest, following only virgin hair in terms of the damage index. According to the analysis of cuticle with SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), scales were most firmly adherent to the scalp and associated hair in ‘C-2’ as exfoliation and unevenness were low. When essential hair components were analyzed by EDS(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectro mrtry), ‘V’ was the highest with 6.37%, followed by ‘C-2’, ‘C-1’, ‘B-2’, ‘B-1’, ‘A-2’, ‘A-1’ and ‘C’ n terms of sulfur (‘S’) content. The above results proved the hair protection effects of Muunsan extract and confirmed that it would be viable as a new ingredient for hair cosmetics.

Paul of Aegina (ca 625-690 ad): Byzantine Surgeon and Pioneer of Surgical Management of Congenital Atresia of the External Auditory Canal

Diseases of the ear have been recorded and treated since ancient times. Ex-votos have been offered to heal deafness. Noninvasive treatments have evolved into minor, and later more advanced, surgical techniques to treat head and neck issues. Paul of Aegina (ca 625-690 ad) perfected his medical skills in the School of Alexandria in Egypt. His medical encyclopedia, Medical Compendium, described a broad series of surgical operations, including a chapter “On the atresia of the auditory canal,” which vividly described a surgical technique to open the ear canal. This surgery is particularly interesting, as it exceeds the limits of resection and amputation known at that time and describes a novel surgical technique. His innovative methods paved the way for future surgeons.

Scientific heritage of professor S.P. Fedorov (1869–1936) (150 anniversary of a scientist birthday)

In this paper, important scientific achievements of S.P. Fedorov as a surgeon and organizer of health care were noted. Little-known facts from the life of the Professor S.P. Fedorov were covered. S.P. Fedorov is the author of over 120 scientific works. He is rightly called the father of russian bile duct surgery. The main directions of scientific research S.P. Fedorov was urinary and biliary tract surgery. He summarized extensive experience in widely known monographs and guides. An important merit of S.P. Fedorov was the organization of the surgical journal “New Surgical Archive”. He was the editor of the first edition of “Big medical encyclopedia”, edited the multivolume “Manual of Practical Surgery”. He created a large domestic surgical school, from which dozens of specialists, heads of surgical departments of medical universities in various cities of the USSR, graduated.

Academician G.N. Speransky (1873–1969) and Moscow School of Pediatricians. In mark of 50th anniversary of the scientist death day

The article presents the main milestones of the life and work of the academician G.N. Speransky, the scientific priorities of the scientist, and the scientific activities of some of his outstanding students. Since 1931, G.N. Speransky, the head of the Department of Pediatrics of the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Studies, is the author of more than 200 scientific papers on the development of the problems of physiology and pathology of early childhood, including the neonatal period. He scientifically substantiated methods of feeding, caring and raising children. G.N. Speransky, together with co-authors, was awarded the Lenin Prize for a series of works on the physiology and pathology of young children. A significant number of his works are devoted to neonatal sepsis, respiratory diseases, and acute gastrointestinal diseases. In 1922, G.N. Speransky organized journal “Pediatrics”, he was the editor for 47 years. G.N. Speransky was also the editor of the Pediatrics section of the 1st and 2nd editions of the Big Medical Encyclopedia, chairman of the All-Union Society of Pediatricians.

In the Ḥakīm’s Own Hand

The history of Greco-Arabic medicine in India can be studied through the Arabic and Persian manuscripts used by its students, practitioners, and collectors. The aim of this paper is to follow the reception of a major medical manuscript tradition in India: the medical encyclopedia of Najīb al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 619/1222), al-Asbāb wa-l-ʿalāmāt, and the many commentaries written on the work in the region. By studying the colophons and ownership notes of these manuscripts, dating from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, we learn about the transmission and reception of ṭibb in the Mughal and Colonial Indian environment.

LEVIT Vladimir Semenovich – doktor meditsinskikh nauk, professor, zasluzhennyy deyatel' nauki RSFSR, vydayushchiysya khirurg, dekan meditsinskogo fakul'teta Irkutskogo universiteta, general-mayor meditsinskoy sluzhby

Vladimir Semyonovich Levit was born in 1883 and after graduation from the gymnasium he studied at the Medical Faculty of the University of Koenigsberg (1901-1906), worked in the Ardatov Zemstvo of the Simbirsk Gubernia. In 1914, Vladimir Semenovich defended his doctoral dissertation, became head of the surgical department of the Simbirsk Province Hospital, and began teaching at a paramedic school. V.S. Levit was elected privat-docent of the faculty surgical clinic of Tomsk University (1919), privat-docent (1922), then professor and head of the department of the faculty surgical clinic, dean of the medical faculty (1922-1926) of Irkutsk University, head of the department of hospital surgery of medical faculty. 2 Moscow University (since 1926), which is headed for 27 years. V.S. Levit for the first time in the USSR successfully resected cardia (1928), surgery for hernia of the esophageal aperture (1929). In 1936 he was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR. During the Great Patriotic War V.S. Levit was appointed chief surgeon of the Moscow Military District, deputy chief surgeon of the Soviet Army (1942), and in 1943 he became a major general of the medical service. Since 1950, V.S. Levit - chief surgeon of the Central Military Hospital. P.V. Mandrika. He published 120 scientific works, he was the editor of 3-volume manual, 2-volume textbook on surgery, the surgical section of the Great Medical Encyclopedia, the publication "The Experience of Soviet Medicine in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." V.S. Levit was the editor of the magazine "Soviet Surgery" (later "Surgery") (1931-1953), a member of the editorial board of the journals "New Surgery", "Russian Clinic", "Central Medical Journal." He was the head and scientific consultant in the preparation of 23 candidate and 10 doctoral dissertations. V.S. Levit was a member of the International Surgical Society, chairman of the Moscow Surgical Society, a member of the Academic Council of the Ministry of Health of the USSR, and district Soviets of Working People's Deputies. V.S. Leviticus was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, the Red Star, medals. V.S. Leviticus died in 1961 in Moscow.

Birds of the Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous empire the world has ever known, had, among other things, a goodly number of falconers, poultry raisers, birdcatchers, cooks, and other experts on various aspects of birding. We have records of this, largely in the Yinshan Zhengyao, the court nutrition manual of the Mongol empire in China (the Yuan Dynasty). It discusses in some detail 22 bird taxa, from swans to chickens. The Huihui Yaofang, a medical encyclopedia, lists ten taxa used medicinally. Marco Polo also made notes on Mongol bird use. There are a few other records. This allows us to draw conclusions about Mongol ornithology, which apparently was sophisticated and detailed.