Uneven distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups in the regional populations of ukrainians

Aim. The aim was to compare the frequency spectra of Y chro mosome haplogroups among Ukrainians from different regions, identify atypical populations and determine their characteristics. Methods. A sample of Ukrainians (n = 1141) from 12 regions of Ukraine was investigated. DNA samples were genotyped by the SNP markers of the Y chromosome. The frequencies of Y chromosome haplogroups for the regions were compared using the χ2 and F tests. Results. Differences between regions in the haplogroup frequency distribution were determined, atypical populations were detected, and the features of their Y-chromosome spectrum were studied. Conclusions. Lviv and Rivne samples were the closest to frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroups averaged for Ukraine. The highest specificity was found in samples from Khmelnitska (R-M198(×M458) high frequency, R-M458 low frequency), Zaporozhska (E-M78 absence) and Chernigov (R-M458 high frequency, R-M198(×M458) low frequency) regions. Keywords: Y-chromosome, haplogroup, Ukrainians, gene pool.

ID: 1049 Variation of mitochondrial DNA HV1 and HV2 of the Vietnamese population

The sequence polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable Segment 1 (HV1) and hypervariable Segment 2 (HV2) are studied and applied to genetic diversity and human evolution assessment, forensic genetics, consanguinity determination, and mitochondrial disease diagnosis. Nucleotide sequence variations in HV1 and HV2, two hypervariable segments of the noncoding control region of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), in selected ethnics of the Vietnamese population were elucidated through sequencing. In this study, we define the variations of HV1 and HV2 of 517 unrelated Vietnamese individuals in Kinh, Muong, Cham, and Khmer ethnic. We found 50 haplogroups: F1a haplogroup frequency is the highest at 15.7%; B5a haplogroup frequency is 10.8%, M haplogroup frequency is 8.9%, M7b1 haplogroup frequency is 7.7%; B6, D4e, D5a, E, F1c, F2a, F3a, G2a, M9b, N, N21 and U5a haplogroup frequencies are the lowest (1%). The frequency of SNP A263G are 100%; A73G is 99.6%, 315insC is 96%; 309insC is 56%; C16223T is 41%, and T16189C is 39%. We have assessed the genetic polymorphism of mtDNA HV1 and HV2 of 517 Kinh, Muong, Cham, Khmer ethnic samples.

Difficulties in Rejecting a Local Ancestry With mtDNA Haplogroup Data in the South-Central Andes

This study assesses whether local genetic drift within populations can be rejected as a sufficient explanation for mitochondrial DNA haplogroup frequency changes between contemporary and prehistoric population samples in the South-Central Andes. Differences in the frequencies of haplogroups between populations are a popular line of evidence for assessing population history. The null hypothesis of haplo group frequency change is a stochastic force inherent to finite populations called genetic drift. Genetic drift is particularly influential in small populations. Innumerable historical events can result in low population sizes, and the simplest scenarios for these events are those occurring locally. In this study, simulations are used to provide a baseline for the amount of haplogroup-frequency difference expected from local genetic drift over time. The results from the simulations are compared to observed data from 23 population samples, including six prehistoric population samples. The study concludes that local genetic drift cannot be rejected when comparing a prehistoric population to a contemporary population. For the South-Central Andes, these results have dire consequences when attempting to infer genetic exchange. This study demonstrates that more informative genetic data are required for such inferences.