Incentives and Firm Migration: An Interstate Comparison Approach

The authors model how state business incentives influence interstate relocation patterns of manufacturers using a panel (2000-2011) of 32 states. The National Establishment Time Series database and the Panel Database on Incentives and Taxes are used to study relocation by manufacturing establishments based on differences between the origin and destination states. The authors find that traditional factors associated with business climate, such as taxation and subsidies, statistically influence manufacturing interstate relocation. Further analysis shows that policy changes (e.g., increasing incentives and reducing taxes) to induce manufacturers to relocate may need to be infeasibly large or used in combination to evoke an economically meaningful increase in relocations.

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS: VENTURE CAPITAL CLUSTERS AND FIRM MIGRATION

Regions and states utilize venture capital forums to raise the profiles of youthful, potentially high-growth firms located within their boundaries. They aim to help organizations raise capital, to widen professional networks and to stimulate regional development. As a contribution toward determining the success of the forum concept, the Florida venture forum was studied. This paper follows those companies who received funding subsequent to participating in the forum during the period 1997–2003; data is drawn from the forum and public records. Funding profiles are built up for successful participants and the funding entities. A secondary profile, post-funding, is developed that examines the role the funding agent plays in determining whether the funded company remains or migrates from its original location. The finding of this paper is that a significant number of funded entities are located within venture capital cores or clusters. The paper shows that funded companies are younger than non-funded companies, more likely to be acquired and move from their original location. The paper also shows that the participant companies that were acquired achieve an exit strategy by migrating out of the state of Florida.