Residents’ Perception of Intangible Benefits and Costs Associated with Hosting Major Sporting Events

The main purpose of this paper is to estimate on the basis of inhabitants’ perception the overall composite and aggregated scores of two major sporting events held in Ergo Arena hall, on the border of Gdańsk and Sopot, in northern Poland. The indirect aim is to identify the determinants affecting the monetary offers of the locals of the two cities. The research results unveil that major sporting events may determine the appearance of intangible social effects which are eagerly valued by the citizens of host cities. The resident’s valuation ranges between 6,08 PLN (1,96 USD) and 11,29 PLN (3,64 USD) for intangible benefits, while between 1,75 PLN (0,56 USD) and 2,21 PLN (0,71 USD) for intangible costs, depending on the city and the event. The results determines an increase in the values of intangible net benefits. The amount of net intangible benefit is much lower than in the case of mega sporting events. Nevertheless, it is more likely to host many major sporting events in a short time in one place. The regression analysis shows that the decision to allocate funds to support the Championships in 2016 and 2017 in Gdańsk/Sopot was made by people with high incomes, who expressed an interest in sport, but not necessarily in the sports discipline, and perceived intangible benefits, in particular civic pride and the feel-good factor. In turn, the level of WTPcost was particularly high among people with high incomes who perceived the threats connected with the hosting of a major sporting event.

Examine the Feasibility of IT Investment: Identification of the Intangible Benefit Variable in Local Government

Information Technology (IT) has been an essential element that inseparable from the business, so it needs to invest in IT. Local Government is one of the institutions that implement IT investment. The purposes of investment in IT devices are to achieve business processes and improve efficiency and effectiveness of performance in Local Government. Company and Local Government have differences in IT investment because Local Government has its uniqueness. One of the uniqueness is Local Government does not familiar with Return on Investment (ROI) in project investment. Therefore, it needs a model that can be a basis for evaluating the feasibility of IT investment, specifically in Local Government. Thus, the management of IT investment is more directed and as needed. This research aims to identify the variables of Intangible benefit that can be used to evaluate the feasibility of IT investment in Indonesian Local Government. Based on the results of the identification of the variables, then authors made a proposed conceptual model that can be used as a reference to evaluate the feasibility of IT investment from a non-financial approach in Indonesian Local Government.

Advantages, benefits, services as gift items (novels of the anti-corruption legislation of Ukraine)

Using of advantages, benefits, services as a gift item in the sphere of anti-corruption legislation of Ukraine investigated in the article. The article investigates the use of advantages, privileges, services as a gift subject in the sphere of anti-corruption legislation of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the concepts of "advantage", " benefit", "service" it has been determined that there are no definitions of " advantages" or " benefits" in the national legislation. It is justified that advantages, as special privileges that create additional opportunities for individuals who favorably distinguish them from others; providing a person with a priority right to exercise the rights granted to him/her or meeting the needs may be the subject of a gift. Advantages could be provided through guarantees, benefits and the like. Attention is focused on the fact that benefits, such as advantages, supplementary rights, partial exemption from the established rules, duties or facilitating the conditions of their fulfillment provided to certain categories of persons are also considered as gifts. The service, as activity of the executor on rendering (transfer) of material or intangible goods to the consumer determined by the agreement, is carried out on individual order of the consumer for satisfying his personal needs, determined by the Law of Ukraine from 12.05.1991 No. 1023-XII "On protection of consumers' rights" and the Civil Code of Ukraine. It has been summed up, that the subject of a gift may include: advantages – special privileges that create additional opportunities for individuals who favorably distinguish them from others; providing individuals with a priority right to exercise the rights granted to them or meet their needs (advantages may be in the form of guarantees, privileges, etc.); benefits – advantages, additional rights, partial exemption from compliance with the established rules, obligations or facilitation of the conditions of their compliance, provided to certain categories of persons and so on; services – activity of the performing agency to provide (transfer) to the consumer a tangible or intangible benefit defined in the contract, is carried out on individual order of the consumer to meet his personal requirements. Considering that in case special entities receive advantages, benefits and services in connection with carrying out by such subjects of activity connected with performance of functions of the state or local government or from subordinated subjects can be considered as reception of gifts and serve as the basis for bringing such entities to responsibility, the legal analysis of the mentioned above concepts is of defining importance in application of the anticorruption legislation.

Legal Problems and Risks of Genetic Revolution: Genetic Information and Discrimination

In the article the author highlights that new technologies can significantly change both the life of each person and the development of human civilization as a whole. In this regard, it is necessary to draw attention to the fact of increasing importance of genetic information contained in human DNA in various areas of life of a human being and, due to this fact, the need for legal science to effectively protect the rights of an individual in order to prevent harm caused by the misuse of his genetic information.On the basis of the analysis of the problems arising in connection with the use of genetic information about a person, the author concludes that the legislation in this area needs to be improved also with a view to preventing discrimination against individuals on the basis of genome. By its legal nature, genetic information is an element of personal, family privacy of an individual and is included in the broader concept of privacy of the individual. Therefore it must be protected by law as an intangible benefit (Art. 150 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). However, the existing legal regulation is not able to take into account the specifics of genetic information and to provide effective protection against misappropriation and misuse of this information including protection against actions aimed at establishing restrictions on the basis of hereditary diseases and other characteristics in employment, conclusion of contracts of insurance, credit agreements, etc.

Reforming care without bureaucracy

The Care Programme Approach was a valiant attempt to improve the aftercare of people with severe mental illness after discharge from hospital. It was introduced as a response to a scandal, not an advance in knowledge, and has always suffered by being a reaction to events rather than a trailblazer for the future. It may have dragged the worst of care upwards, but at the expense of creating a bureaucratic monstrosity that has hindered good practice by excessive attention to risk, and vastly increased paperwork with intangible benefit. It needs to be simplified to allow practitioners greater scope for collaborative solutions, less minatory oversight and better use of strained resources.Declaration of interestNone.

Green Industrial System in Indonesia

The environmentally friendly manufacturing influences the worldwide community both private and public to run the concept of green productivity. The concept of green productivity drives the organisation to seek integration of sustainable environmental management and environmentally friendly production system design. The lack of green and sustainable concept have reduced the competitiveness of the organisation due to the low capability to meet the international standard of ISO 14000. One of the important thing of being ‘green’ is our capability to deal with the pollution. Continuous improvement approach to achieve green productivity is an effort to increase sustainable competitiveness by maintaining green product and reducing the pollution. The continuous improvement to achieve the capability to overcome the pollution problem will lead into tangible and intangible benefit. It is therefore the green productivity is crucial. In this research, the concept of green produtivity and continuous improvement approah are utilised to overcome the problems of pollution in manufacturing industries.