Potential drug interactions analysis of COVID-19 patients at a hospital in West Java

Background: Treatment guidelines of COVID-19 are changing continuously by involving many off-label and various symptomatic or supportive drugs. The use of these various drugs might increase the patient’s risk of developing drug interactions. Objective: The study aimed to analyze potential drug-drug interactions in COVID-19 inpatients and the correlated factors. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital by using inpatients admitted from August-December 2020. Potential drug-drug interaction was analyzed by using Lex-Interact® software. Results: From 107 patients, the majority of them are in moderate severity-degree (98.1%), having comorbidities (93.5%), and polypharmacy (98.1%). The average of potential drug interactions was 8.47±8,04, with most of the interaction in risk rating C-monitor therapy. Major potential drug interactions found were prolongation of QT interval and disturbance of drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. A positive correlation occurred between drug interactions found and comorbidity (r=0.436), number of drugs per prescription (r=0.674), and length of stay (r=0.222) Conclusions: COVID-19 patient is at risk for developing potential drug interactions that can affect the patient's physiological condition and reduce drug effect. It is necessary to manage the medication schedule, therapy modification, administration route changing, dosage adjustment, and monitoring of effects that might occur because of the drug interactions. Keywords: drug interaction, COVID-19, inpatient, correlated factor

Analysis of domestic and foreign trends of individualization of the educational process in the university: analytical report

Introduction. The individualization of the education process is today one of the priority directions of the transformation of the higher education system, which involves the creation of conditions for the implementation of the educational opportunities of students, their academic mobility, the design of an individual educational trajectory, i.e. on the one hand, it serves as a tool for fulfilling the state order in the formation of a competitive specialist, and on the other hand, it allows you to maximally orient education to the personality of the student.Materials and Methods. The article considers domestic and foreign research materials aimed at organizing and implementing the individualization of the learning process. The work uses methods of analysis of scientific literature, questionnaires, analysis, generalization and systematization of data.Results. The authors identified and described the main trends in the development of individualization of the educational process, the relationship between the concepts of "individual educational route" and "individual educational trajectory". A comparative analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of teachers and students on the problem of individualization of education is carried out, and the main models of individualization of the educational process are highlighted.Discussion and Conclusions. As challenges for the individualization of the educational process of higher pedagogical education, the authors see the bridging of the "digital divide" arising from the inequality in access to digital tools between the subjects of the educational space of the university, as well as regions and countries; updating the goals and content of education, as well as forms, methods and technologies of organizing the educational process; changing approaches and tools to assessing the competencies and educational results of students in the course of mastering an individual educational route; changing the roles of the subjects of the educational process.

Estimate of Dynamic Sector Capacity Considering Hazardous Weather

During the course of flight, we need to estimate regional sector dynamic capacity in order to assure the safety and efficiency of operation. Subjected to the controller workload and the decrease of CNS performance under the hazardous weather, and the controller workload is related to the degree of hazardous weather at the same time, the capacity on a route changing over time, the capacity of the associated sectors will also change. This paper, based on existing research, assumes a Poisson distribution flight arrival flow trends and hazardous weather in the coming period is known. It establishes a nonlinear programming model considering hazardous weather, controller workload and longitudinal interval between aircrafts innovatively, and then uses Matlab to solve the model. The results show that the model is feasible.