Hospitalization Rate of Respiratory Syncytial Virus associated Acute Lower Respiratory Infection among Young Children in Suzhou, China, 2010-2014

Background: Data on disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among young children are limited in China. This study aimed to estimate the hospitalization rate of RSV-associated ALRI (RSV-ALRI) among children aged 0~59 months in Suzhou, China. Methods: We retrospectively identified all hospitalized ALRI children aged 0~59 months in Suzhou University Affiliated Children’s Hospital during January 2010 to December 2014. Detailed diagnosis and treatment data were collected by individual medical chart review. Referring to WHO influenza disease burden estimation method, we estimated the hospitalization rate of RSV-ALRI among children aged 0~59 months in Suzhou, China. Results: Among 28,209 ALRI cases, 19,317 (68.5%) were tested for RSV and the RSV positive proportion was 21.3% (4,107/19,317). The average hospitalization rate of RSV-ALRI for children aged 0~59 months was 14 (95% confidence interval [CI]:14~14)/1,000 children-years, for children aged 0~5, 6~11, 12~23, and 24~59 months were 70 (95%CI: 67~73), 31 (95%CI: 29~33), 11 (95%CI: 10~12), and 3 (95%CI: 3~3) /1,000 children-years, respectively. Conclusion: There is considerable RSV-ALRI hospitalization among children aged 0~59 months, particularly among children aged <1 years. An effective monoclonal antibody or vaccine is urgently needed to address the substantial hospitalization burden owing to RSV infection. Key words: Respiratory syncytial virus, Hospitalization rate, Acute lower respiratory infection, Children, China

Size-Specific Particulate Matter Associated With Acute Lower Respiratory Infection Outpatient Visits in Children: A Counterfactual Analysis in Guangzhou, China

The burden of lower respiratory infections is primarily evident in the developing countries. However, the association between size-specific particulate matter and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) outpatient visits in the developing countries has been less studied. We obtained data on ALRI outpatient visits (N = 105,639) from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2013 and 2019. Over-dispersed generalized additive Poisson models were employed to evaluate the excess risk (ER) associated with the size-specific particulate matter, such as inhalable particulate matter (PM10), coarse particulate matter (PMc), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Counterfactual analyses were used to examine the potential percent reduction of ALRI outpatient visits if the levels of air pollution recommended by the WHO were followed. There were 35,310 pneumonia, 68,218 bronchiolitis, and 2,111 asthma outpatient visits included. Each 10 μg/m3 increase of 3-day moving averages of particulate matter was associated with a significant ER (95% CI) of outpatient visits of pneumonia (PM2.5: 3.71% [2.91, 4.52%]; PMc: 9.19% [6.94, 11.49%]; PM10: 4.36% [3.21, 5.52%]), bronchiolitis (PM2.5: 3.21% [2.49, 3.93%]; PMc: 9.13% [7.09, 11.21%]; PM10: 3.12% [2.10, 4.15%]), and asthma (PM2.5: 3.45% [1.18, 5.78%]; PMc: 11.69% [4.45, 19.43%]; PM10: 3.33% [0.26, 6.49%]). The association between particulate matter and pneumonia outpatient visits was more evident in men patients and in the cold seasons. Counterfactual analyses showed that PM2.5 was associated with a larger potential decline of ALRI outpatient visits compared with PMc and PM10 (pneumonia: 11.07%, 95% CI: [7.99, 14.30%]; bronchiolitis: 6.30% [4.17, 8.53%]; asthma: 8.14% [2.65, 14.33%]) if the air pollutants were diminished to the level of the reference guidelines. In conclusion, short-term exposures to PM2.5, PMc, and PM10 are associated with ALRI outpatient visits, and PM2.5 is associated with the highest potential decline in outpatient visits if it could be reduced to the levels recommended by the WHO.

A retrospective study of demographic profile and outcome of Sever acute respiratory illness (SARI) in Iraq

Background Severe acute lower respiratory infection (SARI) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. There is a large global variation in the epidemiology, clinical management and outcomes, including the mortality Aim of the study: To describe the demographic features, Province of residence, occupation and outcomes of patients SARI. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study of 1009 patients involved in the study, between the first of January 2019 and twenty eight of December 2019. From the medical records in Communicable Diseases Control Centre (CDC) office in Baghdad. Results: 1009 patients, 406 with positive for influenza A, and 603 with negative for influenza, the highest incidence was in the age group between 0-10 years for both positive (19.7%) and negative (25.0%) influenza A. Male higher (56.7%) than female in influenza A group, but female is higher (50.4%) in those with negative influenza group. The incidence in Baghdad is higher than other governments for both groups. Freelance is higher than other occupations (31.8%) for positive and housewife (32.2%) for negative influenza A. Death was 6.4% for positive and 1.5% for negative influenza A, the higher mortality rate was in male in age group 0-10 year for both positive (30.8%) and negative (18.9%)influenza A. Conclusion: influenza A is an important cause of SARI, childhood is a high risk for SARI who have high mortality rate especially in male. Freelance and housewife have high occupation risk for SARI. Baghdad has the higher rate than other governments for SARI In Iraq.

Cerebral Palsy with Gross Developmental Delay with Lower Respiratory Infection with Hypoxia- A Case Report

Introduction: Cerebral palsy is a term used to describe a range of diseases caused by non-progressive brain injury that occurs before, during, or after birth. There are numerous causes. Although the brain damage does not change and cannot be cured, the symptoms may change over time. Case Presentation: Here we discuss a 10-year-old female child with a complaint of involuntary movement of hand legs from the morning with another complaint of cough, cold, fever from 4 days. After undergone a thorough investigation and physical examination made the final diagnosis was Cerebral Palsy with Gross Developmental Delay with Lower Respiratory Infection with Hypoxia (80%). The case report aims to help diagnose such type of case and help to get early treatment with management. Conclusion: In this case report, we mainly focus on patient signs and symptoms. According to that deliver medical and nursing management. After being given medical and nursing management patient's condition was improving.