Analysis of the spectral properties of wheat growth in different vegetation periods

The article presents a technique for studying space images based on the analysis of the spectral brightness coefficient (SBC) of space images of the earth's surface. Recognition of plant species, soils, and territories using satellite images is an applied task that allows to implement many processes in agriculture and automate the activities of farmers and large farms. The main tool for analyzing satellite imagery data is the clustering of data that uniquely identifies the desired objects and changes associated with various reasons. Based on the data obtained in the course of experiments on obtaining numerical SBC values, the patterns of behavior of the processes of reflection of vegetation, factors that impede the normal growth of plants, and the proposed clustering of the spectral ranges of wave propagation, which can be used to determine the type of objects under consideration, are revealed. Recognition of these causes through the analysis of SBC satellite images will create an information system for monitoring the state of plants and events to eliminate negative causes. SBC data is divided into non-overlapping ranges, i.e. they form clusters reflecting the normal development of plant species and deviations associated with negative causes. If there are deviations, then there is an algorithm that determines the cause of the deviation and proposes an action plan to eliminate the defect. It should be noted that the distribution of the brightness spectra depends on the climatic and geographical conditions of the plant species and is unique for each region. This study refers to the Akmola region, where grain crops are grown

Technique for experimental study of spectral brightness coefficients materials and natural backgrounds.

The article describes a technique for experimental study of spectral brightness coefficients in the wavelength range of 470 ... 940 nm of objects, natural and anthropogenic backgrounds using a multispectral camera. Examples of the results of measurements of the spectral brightness coefficients are given.

Assessment of Winter Wheat Plant Development during the Seeding and Tillering Stages According to the Earth Remote Sensing Data

Introduction. The importance of controlling the organogenesis stages is that it provides the opportunity to create favorable conditions during the development of certain elements of the yield structure by caring crops and influence the grain quality. The objective of the work is to define a connection between the Earth remote sensing data and the state of winter wheat plants in the initial period of their growth and development. Materials and Methods. The object of the study was the winter wheat plantings. The wheat varieties “Odisseya”, “Olympus”, “Niva Stavropolya”, “Victoria 11”, “Nastya” and “Firuza 40” were sown by plot in the experimental field. The industrial crops of winter wheat were studied to assess the state of the plants in the tillering stage in 2012–2013, 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 agricultural years. The Earth remote sensing data were obtained using the “VEGA” service of FBSI “Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences”. Results. The obtained function of the dependence of NDVI of winter wheat crops on the height and development stage of plants is a polynomial of the third degree and is characterized by high accuracy (Rcorr = 0.98). The analysis of the NDVI, RED and NIR data of fields on dates close to the dates of collecting plant samples showed a considerable degree of relationship between the vegetation index NDVI and height of winter wheat plants. In 2013, the correlation coefficient was 0.60, in 2014 – 0.66, in 2016 – 0.80, and in 2013–2016 on average about 0.85. Discussion and Conclusion. The studies have shown that the Earth remote sensing data can be used to assess the state and degree of the development of winter wheat crops during the seeding and tillering stages, including in the production conditions. To improve the accuracy of the assessment, it is better to use the spectral brightness values in the infrared region of the spectrum.

Spectral properties of soils and agricultural crops for analysis of satellite images of the Akmola region

This paper considers the spectral properties of soils and vegetation and their analysis for further application of the results of the article for processing satellite images. Basically, the soils and soils of the Akmola region and agricultural crops inherent in this region are considered. When analyzing the spectral brightness coefficient (SCR), there are differences in the SCR of soils of different types and vegetation. Based on the results of data analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: soil recognition is informative in the wavelength range from 700 nm to 1300 nm; crop recognition is informative in the wavelength range from 850 nm to 1100 nm. When developing an object recognition algorithm, two fixed points of 0.55 microns and a point of 0.66-0.68 microns will be considered for the presence of extremes to determine the type of object.

Algorithm for preliminary processing of charge coupled devices array data based on the adaptive Wiener filter

The researcher should choose the modes of recording spectra which allow to achieve the highest accuracy of spectral measurements in remote sensing systems. When registering a signal from aircraft which provide maximum coverage of the studied area, it is important to obtain a signal with the maximum signal-to- noise ratio in a minimum time, since the accumulation of spectra samples for averaging is impossible. The paper presents the experimental results of determining the noise components (readout noise, photon, electronic shot, pattern noise) for a monochrome uncooled CCD-line detector Toshiba TCD1304DG (CCD – charge-coupled devices) with various conditions of spectrum registration: detector temperature, exposition. Obtained dependences of the noise components make it possible to estimate the noise level for well-known conditions of spectra registration. The algorithm for processing CCD data based on an adaptive Wiener filter is proposed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio by using a priori information about the statistical parameters of the noise components. Such approach has allowed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of sky spectral brightness by 4–9 dB for exposure times. The practical application of the algorithm has reduced the uncertainty in the vegetation index NDVI by 1.5 times when recording the reflection spectra of vegetation from the aircraft in the nadir measurement geometry.

Analysis of nonlinear behavior of multimode spatial laser beams with high stability and coherence for medical applications

The laser light is characterized by high degree of directionality, monochromaticity, coherence and spectral brightness. In this manuscript, we have designed and analyzed multimode spatial laser beam. A multimode generator is used to produce four individual polarization modes (LG00, LG22, LG30 and LG31) of laser beam which further converted into thin profiles of individuals and weighted sum of modes. The circular and square aperture effect also make them more stable and coherence as compare to conventional laser beam. Various mode profiles of the beam including single mode and multimode have been shown in results. The combined design of multimode spatial laser beam is simple in construction, cost effective and precise.

Procedures for in-flight calibration of satellite spectral equipment

The paper presents procedures developed for in-flight calibration of satellite spectral equipment (by solving direct and inverse problems in the theory of radiation transfer in the atmosphere) using quasi-synchronous sub-satellite point measurements. Also presented are the results of processing and analysis of several sessions of multi-level measurements conducted at the Zyabrovka test range (Republic of Belarus, Gomel region). Measurements taken from ground and air used spectral instrumentation developed at the Airspace Research department of Sevchenko IAPP of BSU to support satellite test ranges on the ground. Verification results are provided for measurements taken on the ground, in air and in space. Used for verification of the ground and space measurements were data from the multi-spectral spacecraft Sentinel-2. Key words: in-flight calibrations, sub-satellite test range, spectral brightness coefficients, field measurements.