DrumCorr program for selecting volcanic earthquake multiplets based on cross-correlation analysis

The DrumCorr program based on cross-correlation detection has been developed to identify multiplets of the volcanic earthquakes. The program is implemented in Python 3 and reads ASCII and MiniSEED seismic data formats. The article presents the algorithm of the program, describing the cross-correlation detector and an example of subsequent processing of seismic data. The program was applied to volcanic earthquakes of the «drumbeats» seismic regime and allowed to identify earthquake multiplets characterized by various wave forms. The article presents the algorithm of the program, describing the cross-correlation detector, the features of the weak volcanic earthquakes selection by the STA/LTA method. And the primary analysis of the values of the correlation coefficients with the calculation of their standard errors depending on different signal-to-noise ratios.

Determination of Hypocenter Using Geiger Method in Sinabung Volcano, April-July 2016 Period

Sinabung is a volcano located in the Karo Highlands, Karo District, North Sumatra, Indonesia, with the highest peak of 2460 meters mean sea level. Volcanic earthquake is an earthquake that occurs due to volcanic activity. This is caused by the movement of magma upwards in the volcano. This study aims to determine the type of earthquake, hypocenter position and epicenter of volcanic earthquakes in Sinabung volcano in April-July 2016. The principle of this study was carried out by analyzing volcanic earthquake data in Sinabung volcano in April-July 2016. The data is recorded data (seismogram) or in other words is secondary data from Sinabung volcano on 7 seismometer stations namely Sukanalu, Lau Kawar, Sigarang-Garang, Mardinding, Gamber, Sibayak, and Kebayaken stations. Earthquake data in April-July 2016 revealed that there were 24 earthquake events in a period of 3 months which were the results of picking up the P and S waves, where volcanic earthquakes were obtained only in the form of volcanic earthquake type A and type B volcanic earthquake. Sinabung volcano has an earthquake activity that high enough so that the status of Sinabung volcano is still at level III (standby) status. Based on the hypocenter of several VA and VB earthquakes that occurred in April-July 2016, it can be concluded that the distribution of the hypocenter of the volcanic earthquake shows that the maximum depth of the volcanic earthquake is 10.000 meters and the position of the earthquake is spread at the point between Sinabung volcano and Mount Sibayak.

PARAMETER-PARAMETER FISIKA UNTUK MENGUNGKAP STRUKTUR STATIS BAWAH PERMUKAAN GUNUNGAPI

ABSTRAKParameter-parameter fisika gunungapi diungkap dengan metode geofisika. Survei kakas gravitasi dan magnetik yang menghasilkan anomali positive bagi medan gravitasi dan magnetiknya, mengungkap struktur statis bawah permukaannya. Analisis tremor volkanik mengungkap dinamika internalnya. Gerakan-gerakan (aliran) fluida magma di dalam gunungapi menjadi sumber getar yang memancarkan gelombang seismik yang di sebut tremor volkanik. Lokasi, migrasi, daya pancar, bentuk geometri sistem pipa-kantong magma, periodisasi, model matematis dan sebagainya. Gempa volkanik yang disebabkan aktivitas magma dapat dijadikan indikator. Hasil pengeplotan posisi hiposenter dan episenter terhadap gempa volkanik yang terjadi, juga dapat mengungkap struktur statis bawah permukaan gunungapi. Kata Kunci : parameter-parameter fisika gunungapi; struktur statis bawah permukaanbawah permukaan ABSTRACTUsing methods of geophysics, physical parameters of volcano are described. Gravity and magnetic surveys yield positive anomaly on their fields, which can be interpreted as an accumulated material beneath the surface with certain values of its mass density and magnetic susceptibility. Analysis of volcanic tremor at the volcano to the knowledge of its internal dynamics. Fluid magma movements inside a volcano acts as source of vibrations which radiate sesmic wave called volcanic tremor. Location, migration, radiation power, geometry of magma chamber-pipe system, periodicities, mathematical models, etc. Volcanic earthquakes caused by magma activity can also be used as indicators. The results of the hypocenter and epicenter position of the volcanic earthquake that occurred, can also reveal the subsurface static structure of the volcano. Keywords : physical parameters;subsurface static structure

Statistical analysis of tidal effect on non-volcanic earthquake swarm activity in Wakayama Prefecture, southwest Japan

<p>Earthquakes occur when the fault stress accumulates to the critical level. External forces such as tidal forces may contributes to the triggering of earthquakes reaching the critical state. For example, in the case of 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, it is reported that there is a correlation between tidal forces and the earthquakes prior to the mainshock. Earthquakes with smaller magnitude are also affected by tidal forces and expected to show correlation with tidal forces.</p><p>Tidal triggering of non-volcanic seismic swarm has not been well documented. So, we choose the Wakayama Prefecture as a targeting region. The cause of the earthquakes occurring in the region is considered to be the presence of the water below the seismogenic depth. The swarm activity continues from 1980s. We analyzed the shallow earthquakes in the northern part of Wakayama Prefecture from 1998 to 2016. We used statistical method called Schuster test to analyze correlation between earthquakes and tidal stress.</p><p>The result of the analysis shows that the earthquakes have a correlation with tidal forces which have the periodicity near the half of the lunar day and the amplitude of the seismicity-rate variation is about 16% of the average earthquake frequency. Correlation between the earthquakes and tidal forces is stronger at the periods when larger number of earthquakes occur. From tidal stress calculation, it is found that both solid tide and oceanic tide are important at this region. This study confirms that most of the earthquakes larger than M<sub>w</sub> 4 in the region occur in the rising period of tidal normal stress or just after the maximum of tidal normal stress. Therefore, tidal observation gives information about the criticality of rocks and temporal heterogeneity of the earthquake occurrence.</p>

Monitoring and analysis of seismic data during the 2018 sunda strait tsunami

The tsunami of Sunda Strait occurred on December 22, 2018, at 21:03 West Indonesia Time (zone). An eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau caused an eruption that triggered a landslide on the slopes of Mount Anak Krakatau covering an area of 64 hectares that hit the coastal area of western Banten and southern Lampung and resulted in 437 deaths, 14.059 people were injured, and 33.721 people were displaced. Before the tsunami, signal transmissions (gaps) at the Lava seismograph station installed on the body of Mount Anak Krakatau experienced broken so that Mount Anak Krakatau Observation Post could not record volcanic earthquake signals since December 22, 2018, at 21.03 West Indonesia Time (zone). Given these facts, proper monitoring and analysis were required to monitor and analyze the source of ground vibrations originating from the eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau. Therefore, this study aims to confirm the eruptive activity of Mount Anak Krakatau based on seismic monitoring and analysis sourced from the BMKG's seismic sensor network. The method the author uses is by monitoring the seismic signal recorded by the seismometer and analyzing the seismic signal using the Seiscomp3 software. By the results of monitoring and analysis of seismic data, it was found that the location of the center of the ground shaking was on Mount Anak Krakatau with a magnitude of 3.4, and a depth of 1 km. To anticipate similar tsunami events in the future, it is very necessary to have a tsunami early warning system originating from volcanic activity and volcanic body avalanches.

Interpretasi Bawah Permukaan Gunung Merapi dengan Metode Magnetotellurik

ABSTRAKSurvei magnetotellurik (MT) telah dilakukan di Gunung Merapi dengan menggunakan alat Phoenix Geophysics MTU5 pada Oktober 2016 dan Mei 2017. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan jarak tiap titik sekitar 1 km, durasi pengukuran untuk satu titik ±12 jam, dan lebar dipole 50 s/d 80 meter utara-selatan dan timur barat. Sebanyak 8 titik sounding digunakan untuk menyusun profil resistivitas 2-D di lereng utara dan selatan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa resistivitas bawah permukaan Merapi terdiri dari 2 (dua) karakteristik nilai resistivitas yaitu zona resistivitas tinggi dengan nilai 183-50.000 ohm.m dan zona resistivitas rendah dengan nilai 20-175 ohm.m. Zona resistivitas tinggi dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai zona produk erupsi sebelumnya yaitu aliran lava dan material piroklastik lainnya. Sedangkan zona resistivitas rendah diinterpretasikan sebagai kantong magma terbagi menjadi dua bagian, bagian atas berada pada kedalaman 0 s/d 2.000 meter dengan diameter mencapai 1.000 meter yang mengindikasikan sebuah kantong magma dangkal, sedangkan bagian bawah terlihat menerus dari kedalaman 3.000 s/d 11.000 meter sebagai kenampakan dapur magma yang cukup besar dengan diameter rata-rata sekitar 2.000 meter yang diindikasikan sebagai kantong magma dalam. Hasil zonasi ini senada dengan posisi hiposenter dari kejadian gempa vulkanik periode tahun 2010. Selain itu, terlihat adanya struktur yang diindikasikan sebagai sesar yang memotong lintasan di sekitar puncak.Kata kunci: Gunung Merapi, kantong magma, magnetotellurik, resistivitasABSTRACTMagnetotelluric (MT) survey has been carried out on Phoenix Geophysics MTU-5 in October 2016 and May 2017. The measurement has been done with the distance between them approximately 1 km, its duration of each sounding was 12 hours, and dipole length varied from 50-80 meters on North-South and East-West direction. Here we use the result from 8 MT sounding to construct a 2-D electrical resistivity image of the northern and southern flank of Merapi. The results show that the subsurface resistivity in Merapi consists of two types of resistivity features, i.e. the high resistivity zone which having resistivity value 183-50.000 ohm.m and the low one which varied from 20-175 ohm.m. The high resistivity zone are the lava flow and another pyroclastic material, while the low resistivity zone interpreted as magma chamber divided into two parts: upper part, at a depth of 0-2,000 meters with 1,000 meters diameter which is indicated as a shallow magma chamber, lower part, continuously from the depth of 3,000-11,000 meters as the large magma chamber with an average diameter of about 2,000 meters. The zone can be correlated to the hypocenter position taken from the volcanic earthquake event of 2010 period. In addition, there is a structure which indicated as a fault that cuts the trajectory around the summit. Keywords: Merapi Volcano, magma chamber, magnetotelluric, resistivity

Natural emergencies

Natural disasters are casualties that occur outside of human consciousness and activity. They can occur quickly or gradually. These are events that end with the disappearance. Natural disasters: landslides, floods, strong winds, fires, droughts, landslides, avalanches, rain. Some natural emergencies lead to the development of man-made emergencies. The causes of earthquakes are divided into: - Tectonic earthquakes; - volcanic earthquake;

Determination of Mount Merapi Volcanic Earthquake Hypocentre By Using Seismic Wave Polarization Analysis

Volcanic earthquakes of mount Merapi have been investigated periodically. The investigation aims to determine the hypocenter and epicenter of mount Merapi's volcanic earthquake using wave polarization analysis. The analysis was carried out in three domains, which are the time domain, the frequency domain, and the space domain. The analysis in the time domain was conducted by the arrival time of the volcanic earthquake, and the analysis in the frequency domain was done by observing the spectrum to get information on source frequency and bandwidth passed from polarization analysis, while the analysis in the space domain was conducted especially on hypocenter determination of the volcanic earthquakes. The analysis leads to the frequency of source 6 Hz and a bandwidth of 0.1 Hz. Thus, the hypocenter of volcanic earthquakes by polarization analysis was distributed to depth from 670 m to 3250 m from Merapi's top