UNDECLARED WORK OF SOCIALLY EXCLUDED PEOPLE IN LIGHT OF SURVEY RESEARCH

Undeclared work is conducted without entering into an official employment relationship. The aim of the research is to present opinions of respondents on the local labor market about work performed outside of an actual contract by socially excluded people. The analysis was conducted using a survey of the opinions of socially excluded people registered at the Municipal Labor Office in the city of Plock. The analysis included the results of surveys received from 350 respondents, including 195 people surveyed using paper questionnaires and 155 people surveyed using a questionnaire posted on the Internet in 2018. The analyses included the distribution of answers to survey question within the entire sample together with verification of the statistical significance between the answers and such variables as: sex, age, education and period of being registered in the Municipal Employment Office.

SOCIAL INCLUSION OF INDIVIDUALS SUFFERING FROM EXCLUSION – EVALUATION OF MOTIVES AND ACTIONS IN VIEW OF OWN RESEARCH

Main aim of analyses presented in the article was to determine the motives and actions which promote social inclusion of the unemployed, most frequently suffering from social exclusion. The survey was conducted in 2018 based on the questionnaire among the population of 350 respondents. The analyses included the distribution of answers to survey question within the entire sample together with the verification of statistical significance between the answers provided and such variables as: gender, age, education and period of being registered in Municipal Employment Office. Results of the study show that increasing social awareness on the access to benefits is an important motif influencing social inclusion. The awareness of the fact of being deprived of the right to retirement pension, no access to healthcare and increased creditworthiness shape the knowledge of the society in relation to the importance of working within the official labour market to a significant extent.

“All He Gave Me Was a Foot”

Chapter 5 describes how structural forces beyond the realm of politics led to fissures in black leadership. Urban retrenchment, rising poverty and crime, and the persistence of residential segregation had taken their toll on Richmond, the black-majority council, and the Crusade by the 1980s. As the Reagan administration put New Federalism into action, cities struggled to pay the bills. Black leaders struggled to meet these challenges; they also no longer agreed on how to solve their communities’ mounting problems. Women such as Alma Barlow led the charge against the black establishment. Yet Roy West defeated Willie Dell more soundly in 1984, and his victory symbolized the arrival of technocratic, middle-class black politicians. Technocrats such as West supplanted the first wave of civil rights–era black politicians—a phenomenon that was not specific to Richmond. West, who was Richmond’s second black mayor, became the cause célèbre when he secured 30 percent set-asides for minority business contracts. These contracts did little, however, to address the poverty that enveloped Richmond. By 1986, the Crusade failed to challenge West’s approach to black governance. After allegations of discrimination in municipal employment rocked city hall, African Americans realized that the Crusade’s strictly political approach to the freedom struggle had fallen short.

Employment Problems of Disabled

The problem of employment is especially acute nowadays for disabled people. At the heart of problem is a confl ict between legal requirements to employ people with disabilities on the one part, and reluctance of employers to employ the disabled, on the other part. Municipal employment centers in cooperation with other involved agencies try to fi nd proper jobs for disabled workers, in the process implementing recommendations of individual professional rehabilitation programs. Based on analysis of the current situation the conclusion is made, that job seekers with disabilities usually encounter especially aggravated diffi culties when trying to obtain employment by themselves. The paper considers the most frequent reasons for denials of employment to disabled job seekers and resulting social and psychological problems. Advantages of having disabled workers at staff , opportunities of inclusive education and distance work as an employing option for a disabled individual are outlined.