P067 HUMANITARIAN HERNIA SURGERY - 10 YEARS OF PERSONAL EXPERIENCE AND THE SAFETY OF LDPE MOSQUITO MESH

Aim Many people from low-income countries suffer from late or no treatment of incarcerated hernias. That can cause permanent consequences or even death. Hernia International is a 100% volunteer organisation, delivering humanitarian hernia surgery in the countries of the third world. A LDPE mosquito mesh is widely used. Its safety and full functionality was described. Material and Methods A LDPE Mosquito mesh was a subject of testing for a heavy metal content; the same-size piece of a mosquito mesh, and a standard commercial mesh, were tested by spectral photometry. I have had the chance to join 11 international voluntary teams in the years of 2011-2019. More than 1000 procedures were performed, including large inguinoscrotal, incisional, and pediatric hernias. The conditions were often very basic, and a LDPE mosquito mesh and local anaeshesia were used in most adult cases. Results The test shows comparable or less presence of heavy metals in the LDPE mosquito mesh, in comparison with a standard polypropylene mesh. A very low number of early post-op complications, such as haematoma and wound infection, were recorded (less than 1%) in a group of patients operated during voluntary missions. 1-2 local young surgeons were trained in basic hernia procedures. Conclusions Hernia International provides a high-quality surgical care to the patients from the developing countries. Using a mosquito mesh is a safe and effective method with a comparable low complication rate but with minimal costs.

Spectral fiber-photometry derives hemoglobin-absorption changes for accurate measurement of fluorescent sensors

Fiber-photometry is an emerging technique for recording fluorescent sensor activity in the brain. Here we demonstrate significant hemoglobin-absorption artifacts that may be misinterpreted as sensor activity changes. Because hemoglobin exists in nearly every location in the brain and its concentration varies over time, such artifacts could significantly impede the accuracy of photometry recording results. We present a novel use of spectral photometry technique and propose a computational method to quantify photon absorption effect from an activity-independent fluorescent protein, which can be used to derive oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration changes and correct target sensor activities across spectra. We further demonstrate the utility of this method for delineating brain regional differences in neurovascular transfer functions and shed light on the interpretation of hemodynamic-based neuroimaging data.

Evaluation of metrological characteristics of spectral analysis method for determining erythrocyte morphology

Spectral photometry is currently widely used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of biological molecules in medical biology. The method is based on the ability of molecules to absorb electromagnetic radiation. Modern clinical laboratory diagnostics extensively uses optical methods of analysis that rely on these physical properties of semitransparent objects, such as blood components. Knowing the absorption spectra of blood and its components, it is possible to quantify the concentration of all the components by solving the mathematical system of equations corresponding to these spectra. However, the existing methods of optical analysis of erythrocytes do not allow quantifying their geometric parameters, which may also indicate certain diagnostic signs and be used to analyze the clinical condition of the patient's body. The aim of this work is to evaluate the metrological characteristics of the newly developed method of determining the geometric parameters of erythrocytes, which combines spectral analysis and double annealing. The input data for the 3D imaging of erythrocytes were taken from the images of the sample both made in natural light and illuminated by a coherent light source with different wavelengths. The latter, after some additional image correlation, increases the reliability of the result. The calculation results on the errors and the measuring channel resolution of the digital interference microscope indicate an acceptable accuracy of the method. The accuracy of the three-dimensional image obtained by the proposed method is more than 20% higher than that of other known methods. This allows determining the informative geometric parameters of the structure of erythrocytes more accurately and using them to obtain additional clinical diagnostic characteristics of the patient's body.

SELECTION OF THE COMPOSITION OF A LIPOSOMAL DOSAGE FORM OF A RUSSIAN SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE WITH ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY

Objective: Was to create the composition of the liposomal pharmaceutical form for injections of somatostatin analogue cyphetrylin using soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC). Methods: The cyphetrylin, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), developed in the Chemical Synthesis Laboratory, the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; SPC and polyethylene glycol-2000-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE, Lipoid, Germany); cholesterol ≥99% (Sigma-Aldrich, Japan). The lipid film hydration method with subsequent liposomal dispersion filtration/extrusion through nylon membrane filters was used for the phospholipid vesicle production. Based on API and lipid components in different molar ratios, we studied over 15 model liposomal compositions and assessed each lipid's impact in use on quality attributes of resulting dispersions. Derived model samples of liposomal dispersion were estimated in terms of quality and efficiency of cyphetrylin encapsulation into vesicles, their average size and the surface charge (zeta potential), polydispersity index (PDI) and dispersion viscosity. We used spectral photometry, dispersion laser spectroscopy, electrophoretic particle mobility assay, and viscometry to assess these features. Results: Pharmaceutical form components' desirable molar ratios determined: cyphetrylin/SPC at 1:60.0 and SPC/cholesterol/PEG-DSPE at 1:0.2:0.004, were determined. This composition allows cyphetrylin liposomal dispersion production with relatively stable vesicles of uniform size, 176 nm in diameter, and a 100% maximum rate of API encapsulation into the bilayer. Conclusion: Technological and chemical/pharmaceutical studies resulted in selecting a preferable composition of an injectable liposomal pharmaceutical form model of somatostatin analog-based on the SPC.

New grape varieties for production of high-quality wines, and assessment methodology for varietal characteristics of the product

In recent years, Russian and international breeders have produced a great many of new varieties of Vitis vinifera grapes as well as interspecies hybrids, distinguished by a high quality of fruit and other useful economic and biological features. Having a big reserve of technologically important substances and hygienic factors of grapevine, the resistant varieties may prove especially efficient for the production of premium-class wines. The appearance of high-end Russian wines with protected geographical indication (PGI) and protected appellation of origin (PAO), first of all, fits in with the requirements of international markets. It is a necessary criterion for product quality and safety assurance at the highly competitive global market, and development of universally recognized brands. It also helps resolve a number of socio-economic issues, such as formation of winemaking culture, and production of wines of guaranteed quality from own grapes. This study is devoted to substantiating the necessity for development of methods of formation of single information databases on characteristic features of PGI and PAO wines, including their distinctive organoleptic, physical and chemical properties (extract components – the cation-anion composition, organic acids, total phenolic and anthocyanin content; unique colour characteristics), as well as the application of the system of organoleptic assessment of wines with the use of descriptive analysis of wine colour, flavour and taste. It is well-timed and relevant to determine the regularities of realization of the varietal potential of a grapevine plant in terms of climatic conditions of growing and geographical origin based on the study of the endogenous and exogenous components of wines with the use of the methods of high-performance capillary electrophoresis, spectral photometry, organoleptic analysis, and statistical techniques. This research generalizes and puts forth a contemporary view of varietal and geographical identification of wines. It is shown that the proposed research guideline is highly sought-after, and it is of fundamental and practical importance for the development of regional and national selection, genetic, viticultural and winemaking industries.

Modulation of Glutathione Hemostasis by Inhibition of 12/15-Lipoxygenase Prevents ROS-Mediated Cell Death after Hepatic Ischemia and Reperfusion

Background. Reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) mediated ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) detrimentally impacts liver transplantation and resection. 12/15-Lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX), an antagonistic protein of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signaling cascade, was proven to mediate cell death in postischemic cerebral and myocardial tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of 12/15-LOX inhibition on hepatic IRI.Methods. Livers of C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 60 minutes of partial warm ischemia and 90 minutes of reperfusion after previous Baicalein administration, an inhibitor of 12/15-LOX. Tissue samples were analyzed by TUNEL assay, Western blot, and spectral photometry.Results. TUNEL labeling showed a significant reduction of hepatic cell death following baicalein pretreatment. Western Blot analysis revealed a significant downregulation of Jun-amino-terminal-kinase (JNK), caspase-3, and poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP), besides considerably lowered p44/42-MAP-kinase (ERK1/2) expression after Baicalein administration. A significant elevation of glutathione oxidation was measured in Baicalein pretreated livers.Conclusion. Our data show that inhibition of 12/15-lipoxygenase causes significant cell death reduction after hepatic ischemia and reperfusion by enhancing glutathione metabolism. We conclude that GPX4-dependent cell death signaling cascade might play a major role in development of hepatic IRI, in which the investigated proteins JNK, caspase-3, ERK1/2, and PARP might contribute to tissue damage.

Germanium Doping to Improve Carrier Mobility in CdO Films

This investigation addresses the structural, optical, and electrical properties of germanium incorporated cadmium oxide (CdO : Ge) thin films. The focus was on the improvement in carrier mobility to achieve high transparency for near-infrared light and low resistivity at the same time. The properties were studied using X-ray diffraction, SEM, spectral photometry, and Hall measurements. All CdO : Ge films were polycrystalline with high texture orientation along [111] direction. It was observed that it is possible to control the carrier concentration () and mobility () with Ge-incorporation level. The mobility could be improved to a highest value of cm2/V·s with Ge doping of 0.25 wt% while maintaining the electrical resistivity as low as Ω·cm and good transparency % in the NIR spectral region. The results of the present work proved to select Ge as dopant to achieve high carrier mobility with low resistivity for application in transparent conducting oxide (TCO) field. Generally, the properties found make CdO : Ge films particularly interesting for the application in optoelectronic devices like thin-film solar cells.

Oxygen Saturation in Pulse Oximetry in Hemoglobin Anomalies

Pulse oximetry is an essential diagnostic method in pediatric emergency medicine and pediatric intensive care. However, if undetected hemoglobin anomalies are the underlying cause measurements of low oxygen saturation can be interpreted incorrectly or may lead to unnecessary examinations. In 2 recently discovered hemoglobin anomalies, Hb Bonn and Hb Venusberg, this resulted in extensive and repeat cardiopulmonary examinations. This review aims to provide an overview of hemoglobin anomalies causing low oxygen saturation.We describe the methods required for differential diagnosis of hemoglobin anomalies, such as hemoglobin electrophoresis, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, hemoglobin gene sequencing and spectral photometry, and the difficulties with the interpretation of results. Furthermore, with a review of the literature we provide an extensive overview of hemoglobin anomalies which result in low oxygen saturation measurement in pulse oximetry. With the examples of Hb Bonn, a novel hemoglobin mutation of the proximal α1-globin, which results in false low pulse oximetry measurements of oxygen saturation, and Hb Venusberg, a low oxygen-affine hemoglobin mutation of the β-globin, we highlight the difficulties arising from the respective case histories.In pediatric medicine, hemoglobin anomalies must be included in the diagnosis as a possible underlying cause of low oxygen saturation in case of ambiguous or conflicting pulse oximetry findings.