scholarly journals RECENT ADVANCES IN COASTAL STRUCTURE DESIGN

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Charles E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Structure Design ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Modern Design ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Design And Construction

The type and scope of work accomplished and responsibility and authority of the office to which he is attached is indicative of the interests of an author and of the information available to him. It is therefore pertinent to cover in this general section a summary of the responsibility and the delegated authority of the Corps of Engineers as regards Coastal Engineering. The subject of recent advances in coastal structures is quite broad and complex and modern design practice incorporates old and new findings. This paper discusses various aspects of proper modern design of breakwaters and jetties with special attention to newer findings, their proper application and the means by which the findings were made. The Corps has the responsibility for the planning, investigation, design and construction of Federal civil works navigation projects. This consists generally of harbor and channel works. Their responsibility extends to the control of all works, private or governmental, to assure that navigation will not be adversely affected. They are also charged with the responsibility of planning, investigation, design and construction of Federal civil works projects involving shore protection from wave and currents, protection from effects of hurricane, tsunamis and tidal flooding, and of beach erosion control. The accomplishment of such a mission therefore includes research of an applied nature to permit advancement in knowledge and technique. Most of this research is based on small scale model studies accomplished at the U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and at the laboratory of the Corps of Engineers Beach Erosion Board in Washington, D. C. In addition a limited number of prototype studies are being initiated in the charge of the staffs of various District Engineers.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF GROINS

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Donald F. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Design And Construction

Groins are frequently used for shore protection and improvement. Not infrequently the owner of shore property who has had groins built to protect or improve his property is disappointed with the results. More often than not this unhappy situation must be attributed to the fact that too much was expected by the owner. The owner in such a case is not properly to be criticized, because a great deal remains to be learned about groins; their effects, their proper design and construction. In the present state of the art of shore protection and improvement it is not possible to design and build groins without facing numerous uncertainties, particularly in the area of advance determination of the results which will be accomplished. This condition is faced frankly at the very beginning of this paper and should be kept in mind throughout the consideration of the subject of groin design and construction. This paper presents a digest of what is considered by the writer to be the best current practice. No pretense is made for the development of original ideas on the subject. The writer is indebted to many engineers who have contributed accounts of their experiences to the literature, and to the members of the Beach Erosion Board and its staff, especially Dr. Martin A. Mason.

RANCANG BANGUN PERANGKAT EKSPERIMENTASI PROSES PIROLISIS BIOMASA GELOMBANG MIKRO

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Fachrizal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Laboratory Apparatus ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Biomass such as agriculture waste and urban waste are enormous potency as energy resources instead of enviromental problem. organic waste can be converted into energy in the form of liquid fuel, solid, and syngas by using of pyrolysis technique. Pyrolysis process can yield higher liquid form when the process can be drifted into fast and flash response. It can be solved by using microwave heating method. This research is started from developing an experimentation laboratory apparatus of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass energy conversion system, and conducting preliminary experiments for gaining the proof that this method can be established for driving the process properly and safely. Modifying commercial oven into laboratory apparatus has been done, it works safely, and initial experiments have been carried out, process yields bio-oil and charcoal shortly, several parameters are achieved. Some further experiments are still needed for more detail parameters. Theresults may be used to design small-scale continuous model of productionsystem, which then can be developed into large-scale model that applicable for comercial use.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Behavior of Existing Reinforced Concrete Multi-Column Piers under Earthquake Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2652
Author(s):  
Jung Han Kim ◽  
Ick-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lap Splice ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Seismic Design Code ◽  
Seismic Force

When a seismic force acts on bridges, the pier can be damaged by the horizontal inertia force of the superstructure. To prevent this failure, criteria for seismic reinforcement details have been developed in many design codes. However, in moderate seismicity regions, many existing bridges were constructed without considering seismic detail because the detailed seismic design code was only applied recently. These existing structures should be retrofitted by evaluating their seismic performance. Even if the seismic design criteria are not applied, it cannot be concluded that the structure does not have adequate seismic performance. In particular, the performance of a lap-spliced reinforcement bar at a construction joint applied by past practices cannot be easily evaluated analytically. Therefore, experimental tests on the bridge piers considering a non-seismic detail of existing structures need to be performed to evaluate the seismic performance. For this reason, six small scale specimens according to existing bridge piers were constructed and seismic performances were evaluated experimentally. The three types of reinforcement detail were adjusted, including a lap-splice for construction joints. Quasi-static loading tests were performed for three types of scale model with two-column piers in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. From the test results, the effect on the failure mechanism of the lap-splice and transverse reinforcement ratio were investigated. The difference in failure characteristics according to the loading direction was investigated by the location of plastic hinges. Finally, the seismic capacity related to the displacement ductility factor and the absorbed energy by hysteresis behavior for each test were obtained and discussed.

Wave Energy Hyperbaric Device for Electricity Production

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segen F. Estefen ◽  
Paulo Roberto da Costa ◽  
Eliab Ricarte ◽  
Marcelo M. Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Regular Waves ◽  
Hyperbaric Chamber ◽  
Small Scale Model

Wave energy is a renewable and non-polluting source and its use is being studied in different countries. The paper presents an overview on the harnessing of energy from waves and the activities associated with setting up a plant for extracting energy from waves in Port of Pecem, on the coast of Ceara State, Brazil. The technology employed is based on storing water under pressure in a hyperbaric chamber, from which a controlled jet of water drives a standard turbine. The wave resource at the proposed location is presented in terms of statistics data obtained from previous monitoring. The device components are described and small scale model tested under regular waves representatives of the installation region. Based on the experimental results values of prescribed pressures are identified in order to optimize the power generation.

scholarly journals Roughness Lengths for Momentum and Heat Derived from Outdoor Urban Scale Models

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1067-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kanda ◽  
M. Kanega ◽  
T. Kawai ◽  
R. Moriwaki ◽  
H. Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
Roughness Length ◽  
Scale Dependence ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Roughness Lengths ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Obstacle Height

Abstract Urban climate experimental results from the Comprehensive Outdoor Scale Model (COSMO) were used to estimate roughness lengths for momentum and heat. Two different physical scale models were used to investigate the scale dependence of the roughness lengths; the large scale model included an aligned array of 1.5-m concrete cubes, and the small scale model had a geometrically similar array of 0.15-m concrete cubes. Only turbulent data from the unstable boundary layers were considered. The roughness length for momentum relative to the obstacle height was dependent on wind direction, but the scale dependence was not evident. Estimated values agreed well with a conventional morphometric relationship. The logarithm of the roughness length for heat relative to the obstacle height depended on the scale but was insensitive to wind direction. COSMO data were used successfully to regress a theoretical relationship between κB−1, the logarithmic ratio of roughness length for momentum to heat, and Re*, the roughness Reynolds number. Values of κB−1 associated with Re* for three different urban sites from previous field experiments were intercompared. A surprising finding was that, even though surface geometry differed from site to site, the regressed function agreed with data from the three urban sites as well as with the COSMO data. Field data showed that κB−1 values decreased as the areal fraction of vegetation increased. The observed dependency of the bulk transfer coefficient on atmospheric stability in the COSMO data could be reproduced using the regressed function of Re* and κB−1, together with a Monin–Obukhov similarity framework.

Staged-Air Ratio Optimization for a New Down-Fired Technology within a Cold Small-Scale Model of a 350 MWeUtility Boiler

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1485-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kuang ◽  
Zhengqi Li ◽  
Pengfei Yang ◽  
Jinzhao Jia ◽  
Qunyi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ratio Optimization ◽  
Small Scale Model
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