scholarly journals LARGE-SCALE PHYSICAL MODELLING OF A BROKEN SOLITARY WAVE IMPACT ON RIGID AND NON-RIGID BOX-LIKE STRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Clemens Krautwald ◽  
Jacob Stolle ◽  
Jan Hitzegrad ◽  
Peter Niebuhr ◽  
Nils Goseberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Wave ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
First Time

Designing tsunami-safe buildings relies on engineering codes to estimate induced loads. The only such design code, written in mandatory language is "Chapter 6 - Tsunami Loads and Effects" published recently in the ASCE 7-16 (2017). In this study, for the first time, a bore originating from a solitary wave was used to investigate the damage to an idealized structure at relatively large scale (1:5). Therefore, model tests with rigid and non-rigid structures were combined to provide a unique data set of pressure distributions and structural response. This data set could be used to model structural behavior more realistically within the Froude-Cauchy similitude.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/vVnEu9YIuQw

Dynamic Response of Underground Structures in Sand: Experimental Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lemnitzer ◽  
Lohrasb Keykhosropour ◽  
Yohsuke Kawamata ◽  
Ikuo Towhata
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Bender Elements ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Displacement Transducers ◽  
Ground Motion Records

A densely instrumented system of large-scale underground structures consisting of two vertical shafts connected through a cut-and-cover tunnel and two independent shield tunnels was installed in an 8 m-diameter laminar soil box at the E-Defense shake table in Miki, Japan. The system was subjected to step-sine sweeps and scaled ground motion records of the Kobe (1995) earthquake. The underground structures were embedded in Albany Silica Sand with an average relative density of 54%. System instrumentation consisted of over 800 sensors, including strain gauges, accelerometers, displacement transducers, bender elements and pressure sensors. A U.S.-Japanese research collaboration was established to instrument the vertical shaft elements and record seismic soil pressures. Data records are archived at the NHERI DesignSafe Data Depot_and can be used to analyze the structural response, soil-structure interaction and other response parameters of individual subsurface components as well as the entire system. The DOI for the data set is 10.17603/DS21C78.

scholarly journals Giving Intention Versus Giving Behavior: How Differently Do Satisfaction, Trust, and Commitment Relate to Them?

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1023-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Shang ◽  
Adrian Sargeant ◽  
Kathryn Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications

This research quantifies for the first time in the literature how strong the direct and indirect relationships are between satisfaction, trust, and commitment and giving intention versus giving behavior. We constructed a unique data set of over 17,000 donors from five large charities. We applied the latest mediation framework for categorical variables from consumer behavior. We found that at a group level, most of the direct and indirect effects that exist between satisfaction, trust, commitment, and giving intention also exist between these factors and giving behavior, but the effect sizes are between 3 to 8 times larger in modeling giving intentions than in modeling giving behavior. When giving intention and giving behavior are matched at an individual level, all group-level findings are replicated. In addition, we found 27% of the donors with no intention to give, actually gave. Theoretical, empirical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The Papua New Guinea tsunami of 17 July 1998: anatomy of a catastrophic event

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Tappin ◽  
P. Watts ◽  
S. T. Grilli
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Geological Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Comprehensive Data ◽  
International Programme ◽  
Submarine Slump ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The Papua New Guinea (PNG) tsunami of July 1998 was a seminal event because it demonstrated that relatively small and relatively deepwater Submarine Mass Failures (SMFs) can cause devastating local tsunamis that strike without warning. There is a comprehensive data set that proves this event was caused by a submarine slump. Yet, the source of the tsunami has remained controversial. This controversy is attributed to several causes. Before the PNG event, it was questionable as to whether SMFs could cause devastating tsunamis. As a result, only limited modelling of SMFs as tsunami sources had been undertaken, and these excluded slumps. The results of these models were that SMFs in general were not considered to be a potential source of catastrophic tsunamis. To effectively model a SMF requires fairly detailed geological data, and these too had been lacking. In addition, qualitative data, such as evidence from survivors, tended to be disregarded in assessing alternative tsunami sources. The use of marine geological data to identify areas of recent submarine failure was not widely applied. The disastrous loss of life caused by the PNG tsunami resulted in a major investigation into the area offshore of the devastated coastline, with five marine expeditions taking place. This was the first time that a focussed, large-scale, international programme of marine surveying had taken place so soon after a major tsunami. It was also the first time that such a comprehensive data set became the basis for tsunami simulations. The use of marine mapping subsequently led to a larger involvement of marine geologists in the study of tsunamis, expanding the knowledge base of those studying the threat from SMF hazards. This paper provides an overview of the PNG tsunami and its impact on tsunami science. It presents revised interpretations of the slump architecture based on new seabed relief images and, using these, the most comprehensive tsunami simulation of the PNG event to date. Simulation results explain the measured runups to a high degree. The PNG tsunami has made a major impact on tsunami science. It is one of the most studied SMF tsunamis, yet it remains the only one known of its type: a slump.

Measurement and Prediction of the Influence of Catalytic and Dry Low NOx Combustor Turbulence on Vane Surface Heat Transfer

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forrest E. Ames ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Pierre A. Barbot
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Dimensional Boundary ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
System Configurations ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vanes

New combustion systems developed for low emissions have produced substantial changes to the characteristics of inlet turbulence entering nozzle guide vanes. This paper documents the characteristics of turbulence generated by mock combustion system configurations representative of recently developed catalytic and dry low NOx combustors. Additionally, heat transfer rates are determined on the surface of a vane subjected to inlet turbulence generated by these mock combustor configurations. Six different inlet turbulence conditions with levels ranging up to 14% are documented in this study and vane heat transfer rates are acquired at exit chord Reynolds numbers ranging from 500,000 to 2,000,000. Heat transfer distributions show the influence of turbulence level and scale on heat transfer augmentation and transition. Cascade aerodynamics are well documented and match pressure distributions predicted by a commercial CFD code for this large-scale low-speed facility. The vane pressure distribution could be characterized as a conventional or fully loaded distribution. This comprehensive data set is expected to represent an excellent test case for vane heat transfer predictive methods. Predictive comparisons are shown based on a two-dimensional boundary layer code using an algebraic turbulence model for augmentation as well as a transition model.

Measurement and Prediction of the Influence of Catalytic and Dry Low NOx Combustor Turbulence on Vane Surface Heat Transfer

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forrest E. Ames ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Pierre A. Barbot
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Dimensional Boundary ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
System Configurations ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vanes

New combustion systems developed for low emissions have produced substantial changes to the characteristics of inlet turbulence entering nozzle guide vanes. This paper documents the characteristics of turbulence generated by mock combustion system configurations representative of recently developed catalytic and dry low NOx combustors. Additionally, heat transfer rates are determined on the surface of a vane subjected to inlet turbulence generated by these mock combustor configurations. Six different inlet turbulence conditions with levels ranging up to 14 percent are documented in this study and vane heat transfer rates are acquired at vane exit chord Reynolds numbers ranging from 500,000 to 2,000,000. Heat transfer distributions show the influence of turbulence level and scale on heat transfer augmentation and transition. Cascade aerodynamics are well documented and match pressure distributions predicted by a commercial CFD code for this large scale low speed facility. The vane pressure distribution could be characterized as a conventional or fully loaded distribution. This comprehensive data set on vane heat transfer is expected to represent an excellent test case for vane heat transfer predictive methods. Predictive comparisons are shown based on a two-dimensional boundary layer code using an algebraic turbulence model for augmentation as well as a transition model.

scholarly journals M 31's Molecular Arms at All Scales to Below 10 pc

2001 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Neininger ◽  
Ch. Nieten ◽  
M. Guélin ◽  
H. Ungerechts ◽  
R. Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
M 31 ◽  
Star Formation Regions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

I present a unique data set for the study of molecular gas in galaxies: a complete, high-resolution survey of the CO in M 31 and additional local studies. The fully sampled survey has an angular resolution of 23 FWHM and the interferometric data attain the pc-scale with sub-arcsecond resolution. For the first time it is now possible to study large and small scales in conjunction. Thus we are able to derive the global structure and study the links down to the individual cloud complexes and star formation regions.

Measurement and Prediction of Heat Transfer Distributions on an Aft-Loaded Vane Subjected to the Influence of Catalytic and Dry Low NOx Combustor Turbulence

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Ames ◽  
M. Argenziano ◽  
C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Suction Surface ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Dimensional Boundary ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vanes

Aft-loaded vane designs can have an impact on surface heat transfer distributions by accelerating boundary layers for a greater portion of the suction surface. New combustion systems developed for low emissions have produced substantial changes to the characteristics of inlet turbulence entering nozzle guide vanes. This paper documents heat transfer rates on an aft-loaded vane subject to turbulence generated by mock combustion configurations representative of recently developed catalytic and dry low NOx (DLN) combustors. Four different inlet turbulence conditions with levels ranging up to 21% are documented in this study and vane heat transfer rates are acquired at vane exit chord Reynolds numbers ranging from 500,000 to 2,000,000. Heat transfer distributions show the influence of the turbulence conditions on heat transfer augmentation and transition. Cascade aerodynamics are well documented and match pressure distributions predicted by a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for this large-scale low-speed facility. The aft-loaded vane pressure distribution exhibits a minimum value at about 50% arc on the suction surface. This comprehensive vane heat transfer data set is expected to represent an excellent test case for vane heat transfer predictive methods. Predictive comparisons are shown based on a two-dimensional boundary layer code using an algebraic turbulence model for augmentation as well as a transition model.

scholarly journals The Power of Words: State Reactions to Protest Announcements

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Vüllers ◽  
Elisa Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Credible Threat ◽  
The Government ◽  
Power Of Words ◽  
First Time

Organizations often announce their protest activities prior to their implementation to mobilize awareness, recruit supporters, and receive media attention. We are interested in the effectiveness of protest announcements—that is, under what conditions governments make concessions to avoid having an announced protest take place. Governments assess the costs and benefits of providing concessions by taking into account the level of credible threat of the announced protest and the costs related to concessions. We test these assumptions with a unique data set on protest announcements and concessions in Nepal (2007-2010). Using cross-sectional regressions, we demonstrate that protest announcements by unions, announcements with highly threatening tactics and announcements with minimal demands will bring about concessions from the government. We contribute to the growing literature on different protest tactics by providing systematic empirical evidence, for the first time, on the effectiveness of mere protest announcements.

Full and Large Scale Wave Impact Tests for a Better Understanding of Sloshing: Results of the Sloshel Project

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Bogaert ◽  
Miroslaw Lech Mirek Kaminski ◽  
Laurent Brosset
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Breaking Wave ◽  
User Group ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Containment System ◽  
Peak Pressures ◽  
Physical Phenomena

This paper outlines the progress made within the Sloshel User Group in the analysis of unidirectional breaking wave impacts on transverse walls in flume tanks at full (1:1) and large (1:6) scales. These tests, carried out during the Sloshel project, were intended to help understanding the physics of sloshing impacts in tanks of LNG carriers and Floating LNG terminals (FLNGs). Two test campaigns were performed at full scale involving respectively the NO96 and the MarkIII containment systems. The latter was performed recently (April 2010) and the analysis is in progress. This paper describes the physical phenomena observed during the impacts on the MarkIII containment system. This helps understanding the difficulties inherent to the scaling of sloshing pressures measured during model tests. The paper also shows how important local peak pressures are for the structural response of the MarkIII system (same kind of conclusion had already been demonstrated for NO96 in Brosset, Mravak, Kaminski, Collins and Finnigan, 2009). According to very preliminary analysis, reduction of impact pressures due to hydro-elasticity with the MarkIII containment system seems to be moderated if real.

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