scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS OF COASTAL BOULDERS BY TSUNAMI AND HIGH WAVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kiso ◽  
Tomohiro Yasuda ◽  
Nobuhito Mori ◽  
Andrew Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zones ◽  
The Past ◽  
Storm Waves ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Laboratory Flume ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Observational Record

Boulders made of coral limestone transported shoreward have been observed many times in the tropics and subtropical coastal zones, and are called storm boulders or tsunami boulders. They can become lasting evidence of historical mega-tsunami or super typhoon occurrence during the past hundreds to thousands of years, even if no literature record remains. In recent years, a large number of surveys have been conducted worldwide, and the existence of large boulders has been found in several areas such as the Pacific Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and other regions. Since there is limited observational record of their detailed motion, movement limit, and spatial distribution of transport by gigantic tsunami or storm waves, detailed movement mechanisms are still poorly known. This increases the difficulty of developing a model of boulder transport, and interpreting field observations. These hydrodynamic conditions are also directly related to structural loads of interest to engineers and planners. This study aims to measure transport characteristics of coastal boulders through a series of experiments in a tsunami-wave laboratory flume.

A new marine Dryosphaera (Ascomycotina) from the tropics

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 992-995
Author(s):  
Jan Kohlmeyer ◽  
Brigitte Volkmann-Kohlmeyer
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Tropics

The marine ascomycete Dryosphaera tropicalis Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., sp.nov., is described from the Caribbean (Tobago), the Indian Ocean (Sri Lanka, Thailand), and the Pacific Ocean (Hawaiian Islands: Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, and Molokai). The new species occurs on intertidal and supratidal wood on sandy beaches. It is compared with the type species, Dryosphaera navigans from temperate waters, and differs mainly by ascospore dimensions and appendages. Key words: arenicolous fungi, ascomycetes, Dryosphaera, marine fungi, tropics.

scholarly journals The search for an elusive worm in the tropics, the past as a key to the present, and reverse uniformitarianism

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis I. Quiroz ◽  
Luis A. Buatois ◽  
Koji Seike ◽  
M. Gabriela Mángano ◽  
Carlos Jaramillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Central American ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe distribution of trace-making organisms in coastal settings is largely controlled by changes in physicochemical parameters, which in turn are a response to different climatic and oceanographic conditions. The trace fossil Macaronichnus and its modern producers are typical of high-energy, siliciclastic foreshore sands in intermediate- to high-latitude settings characterized by cold-water conditions. However, it has been found in Miocene Caribbean deposits of Venezuela, prompting the hypothesis that upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich waters rather than latitude was the main control of its distribution. To test this hypothesis that was solely based on the fossil record, several trenches and sediment peels were made in two high-energy sand beaches having different oceanographic conditions along the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of the Central American Isthmus. As predicted, the burrows were found only in the highly productive waters of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica in connection with upwelling, while they were absent from the warm, oligotrophic waters of the Caribbean coast of Panama. This finding demonstrates that sometimes the past may be a key to the present, providing one of the few documented examples of reverse uniformitarianism.

MONARCHS, TRAVELLERS AND EMPIRE IN THE PACIFIC'S AGE OF REVOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Sujit Sivasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site

AbstractThe Pacific has often been invisible in global histories written in the UK. Yet it has consistently been a site for contemplating the past and the future, even among Britons cast on its shores. In this lecture, I reconsider a critical moment of globalisation and empire, the ‘age of revolutions’ at the end of the eighteenth century and the start of the nineteenth century, by journeying with European voyagers to the Pacific Ocean. The lecture will point to what this age meant for Pacific islanders, in social, political and cultural terms. It works with a definition of the Pacific's age of revolutions as a surge of indigeneity met by a counter-revolutionary imperialism. What was involved in undertaking a European voyage changed in this era, even as one important expedition was interrupted by news from revolutionary Europe. Yet more fundamentally vocabularies and practices of monarchy were consolidated by islanders across the Pacific. This was followed by the outworkings of counter-revolutionary imperialism through agreements of alliance and alleged cessation. Such an argument allows me, for instance, to place the 1806 wreck of the Port-au-Prince within the Pacific's age of revolutions. This was an English ship used to raid French and Spanish targets in the Pacific, but which was stripped of its guns, iron, gunpowder and carronades by Tongans. To chart the trajectory from revolution and islander agency on to violence and empire is to appreciate the unsettled paths that gave rise to our modern world. This view foregrounds people who inhabited and travelled through the earth's oceanic frontiers. It is a global history from a specific place in the oceanic south, on the opposite side of the planet to Europe.

scholarly journals Chance long-distance or human-mediated dispersal? How Acacia s.l. farnesiana attained its pan-tropical distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 170105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Bell ◽  
Haripriya Rangan ◽  
Manuel M. Fernandes ◽  
Christian A. Kull ◽  
Daniel J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Old World ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Spanish Explorers ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Old World Tropics

Acacia s.l. farnesiana , which originates from Mesoamerica, is the most widely distributed Acacia s.l. species across the tropics. It is assumed that the plant was transferred across the Atlantic to southern Europe by Spanish explorers, and then spread across the Old World tropics through a combination of chance long-distance and human-mediated dispersal. Our study uses genetic analysis and information from historical sources to test the relative roles of chance and human-mediated dispersal in its distribution. The results confirm the Mesoamerican origins of the plant and show three patterns of human-mediated dispersal. Samples from Spain showed greater genetic diversity than those from other Old World tropics, suggesting more instances of transatlantic introductions from the Americas to that country than to other parts of Africa and Asia. Individuals from the Philippines matched a population from South Central Mexico and were likely to have been direct, trans-Pacific introductions. Australian samples were genetically unique, indicating that the arrival of the species in the continent was independent of these European colonial activities. This suggests the possibility of pre-European human-mediated dispersal across the Pacific Ocean. These significant findings raise new questions for biogeographic studies that assume chance or transoceanic dispersal for disjunct plant distributions.

Six new species of Archimonocelididae Meixner, 1938 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata) from the Pacific, with proposal of a new genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4965 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-528
Author(s):  
MARCO CURINI-GALLETTI ◽  
ERNEST R. SCHOCKAERT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Copulatory Organ ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean

The genus Tajikacelis n. gen. is introduced for species of Archimonocelididae (Proseriata) characterized by the lack of atrial spines in the copulatory organ and by the opening of the seminal vesicles into the prostate vesicle at its ventral side. Six new species from the Pacific Ocean are ascribed to the new genus; they may be distinguished by features of the genital systems and the morphology of their copulatory stylets. T. tajikai n. sp. (type species of the new genus) and T. macrostomoides n. sp., both from eastern Australia, have a long tubular stylet. In T. macrostomoides n. sp., the stylet is more curved, bending to 180°, and has a narrower basis compared to that of T. tajikai n. sp. In T. artoisi n. sp., from Hawai’i, and T. nematoplanoides n. sp., from South Australia, the stylet is shaped as a truncated cone, with a broad, oblique proximal opening and a very short tubular part. T. artoisi n. sp. is distinct for the much stronger thickening of the dorsal side of the stylet, and for the different shape of the proximal opening. In T. acuta n. sp. and T. truncata n. sp., from West Panama, the tubular stylet is comparatively short; the two species differ for the shape of the distal opening, produced into a sharp spike in T. acuta n. sp., and square-ended in T. truncata n. sp.. Two species previously described in the genus Archimonocelis are transferred to Tajikacelis n. gen.: T. itoi Tajika, 1981 from Japan and T. keke Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1989 from Sulawesi (Indonesia). The taxonomic position of the problematic Archimonocelis glabrodorsata Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1989 from the Caribbean is discussed. The relationships of and within the genus Tajikacelis n. gen. are discussed and compared with recent results based on DNA studies. 

1755, Lisbon

Tsunami ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
James Goff ◽  
Walter Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The City

Most Europeans do not worry about tsunami waves as much as those who live around the rim of the Pacific Ocean, but they should. On All Saint’s Day, 1755, a huge earthquake struck Lisbon, Portugal, causing most stone buildings to collapse, including churches, monasteries, nunneries, and chapels, trapping the faithful inside the ruins, which votive candles quickly turned into burning pyres. Voltaire would write, “The sole consolation is that the Jesuit Inquisitors of Lisbon will have disappeared.” To add to the irony, among the few buildings safely left standing following the disaster were the lightly constructed wooden bordellos of the city. Most of Lisbon’s prostitutes but few of her nuns survived. Tsunami waves would not only kill thousands around Lisbon’s harbor but also travel south to Spain and North Africa, north to Ireland and Wales, and across the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean, flooding the streets of Barbados.

Dispute Settlement in the Law of the Sea: Survey for 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
Maritime Boundary ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Law

AbstractThis is the latest in a series of annual surveys in this Journal reviewing dispute settlement in the law of the sea, both under Part XV of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and outside the framework of the Convention. It covers developments during 2018. The most significant developments during the year were the judgment of the International Court of Justice in Costa Rica v. Nicaragua, delimiting the maritime boundaries between the two States’ overlapping maritime zones in both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean; the report of the Conciliation Commission concerning maritime boundary arrangements between Timor-Leste and Australia; and the findings of a dispute settlement body of the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization.

scholarly journals Meridional Extent and Interannual Variability of the Pacific Ocean Tropical–Subtropical Warm Water Exchange

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Meinen
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Height Anomaly ◽  
The South ◽  
El Niño Event ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Altimetric observations of sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) from the TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS satellites, hydrography, and the ECMWF and Florida State University wind products are used to track warm water (≥20°C) as it is exchanged between the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the higher latitudes during 1993–2003. The large El Niño event of 1997–98 resulted in a significant discharge of warm water toward the higher latitudes within the interior of the Pacific Ocean. The exchange of anomalous warm water volume with the Northern Hemisphere appears to be blocked under the intertropical convergence zone, consistent with most current ideas on the time-mean tropical–subtropical exchange. Little of the warm water discharged northward across 5° and 8°N during the 1997–98 El Niño event could be traced as far as 10°N. To the south, however, these anomalous volumes of warm water were visible at least as far as 20°S, primarily in the longitudes around 130°–160°W. In both hemispheres most of the warm water appeared to flow westward before returning to the Tropics during the recharge phase of the El Niño–La Niña cycle. The buildup of warm water in the Tropics before the 1997–98 El Niño is shown to be fed primarily by warm water drawn from the region in the western Pacific within 5°S–15°N. The exchange cycle between the equatorial band and the higher latitudes north of the equator leads the cycle in the south by 6–8 months. These results are found in all three datasets used herein, hydrography, altimetric observations of SSHA, and Sverdrup transports calculated from multiple wind products, which demonstrates the robustness of the results.

Terrestrial isopods from Costa Rica and a redescription of Ischioscia variegata (Dollfus, 1893) (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1415-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Leistikow
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Philoscia Muscorum

Examination of a small collection of Oniscidea from Costa Rica revealed the presence of two species new to science (Ischioscia martinae sp.nov. and Scleropactes talamancensis sp.nov.). Further specimens from the collection of the United States National Museum were reexamined to reconsider the status of Philoscia muscorum (Scopoli, 1793) and Ischioscia variegata (Dollfus, 1893), both of which have been reported from Costa Rica. The specimens belong to two new species (Ischioscia muelleri sp.nov. and Ischioscia elongata sp.nov.). Redescriptions of Ligia baudiniana Milne Edwards, 1840 from the shores of both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean and the type material of Ischioscia variegata (Dollfus, 1893) from Venezuela are also presented.

scholarly journals Climatic regulation of the neurotoxin domoic acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morgaine McKibben ◽  
William Peterson ◽  
A. Michelle Wood ◽  
Vera L. Trainer ◽  
Matthew Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Us ◽  
Northern California Current ◽  
Ocean Conditions ◽  
Us West

Domoic acid is a potent neurotoxin produced by certain marine microalgae that can accumulate in the foodweb, posing a health threat to human seafood consumers and wildlife in coastal regions worldwide. Evidence of climatic regulation of domoic acid in shellfish over the past 20 y in the Northern California Current regime is shown. The timing of elevated domoic acid is strongly related to warm phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Oceanic Niño Index, an indicator of El Niño events. Ocean conditions in the northeast Pacific that are associated with warm phases of these indices, including changes in prevailing currents and advection of anomalously warm water masses onto the continental shelf, are hypothesized to contribute to increases in this toxin. We present an applied domoic acid risk assessment model for the US West Coast based on combined climatic and local variables. Evidence of regional- to basin-scale controls on domoic acid has not previously been presented. Our findings have implications in coastal zones worldwide that are affected by this toxin and are particularly relevant given the increased frequency of anomalously warm ocean conditions.

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