scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE EVOLUTION OF STORM SURGE IN COASTAL LOUISIANA

2018 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Christopher Siverd ◽  
Scott Hagen ◽  
Matthew Bilskie ◽  
DeWitt Braud ◽  
Shu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Coastal Landscape ◽  
Hurricane Storm Surge ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
Louisiana Coast ◽  
Sabine Lake

The Louisiana coastal landscape comprises an intricate system of fragmented wetlands, natural ridges, man-made navigation canals, flood protection and oil and gas infrastructure. Louisiana lost approximately 1,883 square miles (4,877 sq km) of coastal wetlands from 1932 to 2010 including 300 square miles (777 sq km) lost between 2004 and 2008 due to Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Gustav and Ike (Couvillion et al., 2011). A projected additional 2,250 square miles (5,827 sq km) of coastal wetlands will be lost over the next 50 years if no preventative actions are taken (Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, 2017). Storm surge models representing historical eras of the Louisiana coastal landscape can be developed to investigate the response of hurricane storm surge (e.g. peak water levels, inundation volume and time) to land loss and vegetative changes. Land:Water (L:W) isopleths (Gagliano et al., 1970; Twilley et al., 2016; Siverd et al., 2018) have been calculated along the Louisiana coast from Sabine Lake to the Pearl River. These isopleths were utilized to develop a simplified coastal landscape (bathymetry, topography, bottom roughness) representing circa2010. Similar methods are employed with the objective of developing storm surge models that represent the coastal landscape for past eras (circa1890, c.1930, c.1970).

scholarly journals MODELING THE EFFECT OF LAND-BUILDING PROJECTS ON STORM SURGE AND HURRICANE WAVES IN COASTAL LOUISIANA

2018 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Kelin Hu ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
Ehab Meselhe
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Wetland Loss ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Lower Mississippi River ◽  
Louisiana Coast ◽  
Coastal Louisiana

Wetland loss on the hurricane-prone Louisiana coast continues at an alarmingly high rate. Coastal Louisiana is at risk of losing between 2118 and 4677 km2 of land over the next 50 years (Couvillion et al., 2013). To combat the devastating wetland loss, the Louisiana 2017 Coastal Master Plan (CMP) called for sediment diversions along the lower Mississippi River to enhance sediment supplies to coastal wetlands and build more wetlands. The Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) plans to spend $2 billion on the Mid-Breton and Mid-Barataria sediment diversion projects. In this study, numerical experiments were conducted to quantify the effect of land-building projects on storm surge and hurricane waves in Barataria and Breton Basins of Louisiana.

Estimating the Probability of Compound Discharge/surge Events in a Complex Estuarine System Under Data Constraints 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Santos ◽  
Thomas Wahl ◽  
Robert Jane ◽  
Shubhra K. Misra ◽  
Kathleen D. White
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Outlier Removal ◽  
Sampling Schemes ◽  
Sabine Lake ◽  
Data Constraints

<p>Compound flooding may result from the interaction of two or more contributing processes, which may not be extreme themselves, but in combination lead to extreme impacts. Estuarine environments are particularly prone to compound flooding due to the interplay between coastal storm surge and river discharge processes, both often being driven by the same storm event. A detailed understanding of compounding mechanisms, including the dependence between flooding drivers, is necessary to avoid flood risk miscalculations when building/upgrading flood defences to mitigate risks associated with high impact events. Here, we use statistical methods to assess compound flooding potential in Sabine Lake, TX. Sabine Lake receives discharge from two rivers and is connected to the Gulf of Mexico coast through Sabine Pass. These geographic characteristics make it susceptible to compound flooding. We employ several trivariate statistical models (and simplified bivariate models for comparison) to examine the sensitivity of results to the choice of data pre-processing steps, statistical model setup, and outlier removal. We define a response function that represents water levels resulting from the interaction between discharge and storm surge inside Sabine Lake, and explore how the water level response is affected by including or ignoring dependencies between the contributing flooding drivers. Our results show that accounting for dependencies leads to water levels that are up to 30 cm higher for a 2% annual exceedance probability (AEP) event and up to 35 cm higher for a 1% AEP event, compared to assuming independence. We also find notable variations in the results across different sampling schemes, multivariate model configurations, and sensitivity to outlier removal. This highlights the need for testing various statistical modelling approaches in order to reliably capture potential compounding effects, especially under data constraints.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals NUMERICAL MODELLING OF TROPICAL CYCLONE STORM SURGE

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Rodney J. Sobey ◽  
Bruce A. Harper ◽  
George M. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Wave Equations ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Open Boundary ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
Explicit Finite Difference ◽  
Hurricane Storm Surge

Details are presented of a general numerical hydrodynamic model for the generation and propagation of tropical cyclone or hurricane storm surge. The model, known as SURGE, solves the two-dimensional depth-integrated form of the Long Wave Equations using an explicit finite difference procedure, with tropical cyclone surface wind and pressure forcing estimated from an adaption of available models based on U.S. hurricanes. Variations in tropical cyclone parameters as well as the physical characteristics of a coastal location such as bathymetry and details of capes, bays, reefs and islands are accommodated by the model. The accuracy and stability of the numerical solution have been confirmed by a comprehensive wave deformation analysis including quasi-non-linear effects and the open boundary problem has been overcome by the use of a Bathystrophic Storm Tide approximation to boundary water levels. A detailed sensitivity analysis has identified the principal surge generating parameters and the model has been checked against an historical tropical cyclone storm surge. SURGE has been used extensively in the northern Australian region and examples are presented.

Hurricane storm surge and amphibian communities in coastal wetlands of northwestern Florida

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret S. Gunzburger ◽  
William B. Hughes ◽  
William J. Barichivich ◽  
Jennifer S. Staiger
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Hurricane Storm Surge ◽  
Amphibian Communities

Impacts of Hurricane Storm Surge on Infrastructure Vulnerability for an Evolving Coastal Landscape

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 04017020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Anarde ◽  
Sabarethinam Kameshwar ◽  
John N. Irza ◽  
Jeffrey A. Nittrouer ◽  
Jorge Lorenzo-Trueba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Coastal Landscape ◽  
Hurricane Storm Surge ◽  
Infrastructure Vulnerability

scholarly journals Can Managed Realignment Buffer Extreme Surges? The Relationship Between Marsh Width, Vegetation Cover and Surge Attenuation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Kiesel ◽  
Leigh R. MacPherson ◽  
Mark Schuerch ◽  
Athanasios T. Vafeidis
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Managed Realignment ◽  
Extreme Water Levels ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractManaged realignment (MR) involves the landward relocation of sea defences to foster the (re)creation of coastal wetlands and achieve nature-based coastal protection. The wider application of MR is impeded by knowledge gaps related to lacking data on its effectiveness under extreme surges and the role of changes in vegetation cover, for example due to sea-level rise. We employ a calibrated and validated hydrodynamic model to explore relationships between surge attenuation, MR width(/area) and vegetation cover for the MR site of Freiston Shore, UK. We model a range of extreme water levels for four scenarios of variable MR width. We further assess the effects of reduced vegetation cover for the actual MR site and for the scenario of the site with the largest width. We show that surges are amplified for all but the largest two site scenarios, suggesting that increasing MR width results in higher attenuation rates. Substantial surge attenuation (up to 18 cm km−1) is only achieved for the largest site. The greatest contribution to the attenuation in the largest site scenario may come from water being reflected from the breached dike. While vegetation cover has no statistically significant effect on surge attenuations in the original MR site, higher coverage leads to higher attenuation rates in the largest site scenario. We conclude that at the open coast, only large MR sites (> 1148 m width) can attenuate surges with return periods > 10 years, while increased vegetation cover and larger MR widths enable the attenuation of even higher surges.

scholarly journals Data Assimilation within the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) Modeling Framework for Hurricane Storm Surge Forecasting

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
pp. 2215-2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Butler ◽  
M. U. Altaf ◽  
C. Dawson ◽  
I. Hoteit ◽  
X. Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Hurricane Storm Surge ◽  
Storm Surge Forecasting

Abstract Accurate, real-time forecasting of coastal inundation due to hurricanes and tropical storms is a challenging computational problem requiring high-fidelity forward models of currents and water levels driven by hurricane-force winds. Despite best efforts in computational modeling there will always be uncertainty in storm surge forecasts. In recent years, there has been significant instrumentation located along the coastal United States for the purpose of collecting data—specifically wind, water levels, and wave heights—during these extreme events. This type of data, if available in real time, could be used in a data assimilation framework to improve hurricane storm surge forecasts. In this paper a data assimilation methodology for storm surge forecasting based on the use of ensemble Kalman filters and the advanced circulation (ADCIRC) storm surge model is described. The singular evolutive interpolated Kalman (SEIK) filter has been shown to be effective at producing accurate results for ocean models using small ensemble sizes initialized by an empirical orthogonal function analysis. The SEIK filter is applied to the ADCIRC model to improve storm surge forecasting, particularly in capturing maximum water levels (high water marks) and the timing of the surge. Two test cases of data obtained from hindcast studies of Hurricanes Ike and Katrina are presented. It is shown that a modified SEIK filter with an inflation factor improves the accuracy of coarse-resolution forecasts of storm surge resulting from hurricanes. Furthermore, the SEIK filter requires only modest computational resources to obtain more accurate forecasts of storm surge in a constrained time window where forecasters must interact with emergency responders.

Overview of statewide geophysical surveys for ecosystem restoration in Louisiana

Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Syed Khalil ◽  
Beth Forrest ◽  
Mike Lowiec ◽  
Beau Suthard ◽  
Richard Raynie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Barrier Island ◽  
Ecosystem Restoration ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Side Scan Sonar ◽  
Island Restoration ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Louisiana Coast ◽  
Almost All

The System Wide Assessment and Monitoring Program (SWAMP) was implemented by the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) to develop an Adaptive Management Implementation Plan (AMIP). SWAMP ensures that a comprehensive network of coastal data collection/monitoring activities is in place to support the development and implementation of Louisiana’s coastal protection and restoration program. Monitoring of physical terrain is an important parameter of SWAMP. For the first time a systematic approach was adopted to undertake a geophysical (bathymetric, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profile, and magnetometer) survey along more than 5,000 nautical miles (nm) (excluding the 1,559 nm currently being surveyed from west of Terrebonne Bay to Sabine Lake) of track-line in almost all of the bays and lakes from Chandeleur Sound in the east to Terrebonne Bay in the west. This data collection effort complements the regional bathymetric survey undertaken under the Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) Program in the adjacent offshore areas. This paper describes how a study of this magnitude was conceptualized, planned, and executed along the entire Louisiana coast. It is important to note that the initial intent was to collect bathymetric data only for numerical modelling for ecosystem restoration and storm surge prediction. Geophysical data were added for oyster identification and delineation. These first-order data also help comprehend the regional subsurface geology essential for sediment exploration to support Louisiana’s marsh and barrier island restoration projects.

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