scholarly journals PHYSICAL MODELING STUDY ON SCOUR AND SCOUR COUNTERMEASURE FOR SEA-CROSSING BRIDGE PIERS

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Hsin Hung Chen ◽  
Ray-Yeng Yang ◽  
Ping-Chiao Kuo ◽  
Hwung-Hweng Hwung
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Test Series ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Wave Basin ◽  
Scour Protection ◽  
Hydraulics Laboratory ◽  
Scour Countermeasure

There are significant engineering challenges in placing the sea-crossing bridge piers in more or les shallow coastal waters because, as well as having to withstand storm-force waves and tidal currents, the bridge piers have to remain stable on a sea bed that may be continuously changing. One of the major challenges faced by designers is how to predict, and prevent, scour of the seabed sediments around the sea-crossing bridge piers. This paper describes a physical model study on scour and scour countermeasure for sea-crossing bridge piers. A 1:49 scale movable bed model tests were carried out in the Near-shore Wave Basin (NSWB, 27m x 19m) at the Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Chang Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, Taiwan, with the sea-crossing bridge piers in the test area. Three series of physical model tests were performed in this study. The aim of the first test series is to investigate the maximum scour depth for the initial construction of bridge piers with only one pier model. Then the second test series were conducted to investigate the greatest magnitude of local scour and potential scour area in the sand bed around the sea-crossing bridge group piers with no scour protection. Based on the analysis from the former NSWB experimental results, the suitable scour countermeasure for sea-crossing bridge piers would be proposed and validated its function of preventing scour in the third test series.

Three Dimensional Physical Model Study on Penang Fishing Port Project

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 2198-2201
Author(s):  
Ci Heng Zhang ◽  
Bao Lei Geng
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Incident Wave ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Wave Basin ◽  
Wave Generator ◽  
Wave Distribution ◽  
Directional Wave

A three-dimensional physical model was used to study the wave distribution around breakwater in Malaysia Penang. Model tests were carried out by using the L-type action absorption directional wave generator in a 45m×40m wave basin at TIWTE in Tianjin China. The incident wave conditions were checked first in the laboratory and a series steps were introduced to construct the bathymetry and breakwater structure. By comparing the test results, the improved top elevation of breakwater is +4.5m, and the recommendation length of northern part of breakwater is 65m.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of the Stability of Rock Slopes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel van Gent ◽  
Ermano de Almeida ◽  
Bas Hofland
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Test Series ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Erosion Area ◽  
The Stability

Physical model tests were performed in a wave flume at Deltares with rock armoured slopes. A shallow foreshore was present. At deep water, the same wave conditions were used, but by applying different water levels, the wave loading on the rock armoured slopes increased considerably with increasing water levels. This allowed an assessment of the effects of sea level rise. Damage was measured by using digital stereo photography (DSP), which provides information on each individual stone that is displaced. Two test series were performed five times. This allowed for a statistical analysis of the damage to rock armoured slopes, which is uncommon due to the absence of statistical information based on a systematic repetition of test series. The statistical analysis demonstrates the need for taking the mean damage into account in the design of rock armoured slopes. This is important in addition to characterising the damage itself by erosion areas and erosion depths. The relation between damage parameters, such as the erosion area and erosion depth, was obtained from the tests. Besides tests with a straight slope, tests with a berm in the seaward slopes were also performed. A new method to take the so-called length effect into account is proposed to extrapolate results from physical model tests to real structures. This length effect is important, but is normally overlooked in the design of rubble mound structures. Standard deviations based on the presented model tests were used.

A physical model study of ice passage at the Soo Locks

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1216
Author(s):  
Andrew M Tuthill
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Air Curtain ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Model Water

A physical model study investigated alternatives to improve ice passage at the Soo Locks in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. This paper describes the ice problems at the Soo Locks and the solutions developed in the study. Model tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of high-flow air curtains to deflect ice pushed ahead of vessels entering the 366-m-long Poe Lock. A series of air curtains and an array of point source bubblers were also tested to break ice jams in the upper approach of the adjacent MacArthur Lock. In addition, an array of high-flow point source bubblers was developed in the model to relieve ice congestion in front of the downstream miter gates of the Poe Lock. A model water cannon was also found effective for clearing ice in front of miter gates and breaking jams in the upper lock approach.Key words: Soo Locks, physical model study, ice passage, winter navigation, Great Lakes, high-flow air curtain, point source bubbler, miter gate, water cannon.

scholarly journals TOE BERM DESIGN FOR RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATERS: EXAMPLE OF THE SAFI POWER PLANT PROJECT

2017 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
COUTOSTHEVENOT Marie ◽  
HONG Kyung-Wook
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
Hydraulics Laboratory ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters

DAEWOO E&C (Engineering & Construction) is in charge constructing a new 1320 MW coal-fired power plant located approximately 15 km south-west of the city of Safi in Morocco. ARTELIA Eau & Environnement was appointed by the Contractor to perform the hydraulic design review of the rubble-mound breakwaters protecting the intake and outfall. The toe berm is a key design feature of rubble-mound breakwaters built in breaking conditions, since it helps to support the armour layer and protect the structure from potential scour-induced damage. The initial toe berm design was based on Van Der Meer’s empirical formula (1998). Due to the very shallow water conditions, the toe design was verified through physical model tests (2D and 3D) in ARTELIA’s hydraulics laboratory located in Pont-de-Claix, near Grenoble (France). The physical model tests demonstrated that the toe berm (6t rocks, 3:1 slope) was not stable at key singular locations, namely roundheads and roots, where direct impacts of breaking waves caused severe damage. Given the site conditions and the construction methods, the usual solutions consisting in increasing the rock size and/or placing the toe berm in a trench had to be ruled out. It was hence decided to reinforce the toe with artificial blocks and to use rectangular concrete blocks with holes. These blocks reduced the anti-stabilizing pressure difference between the top and bottom of the blocks (Tanimoto et al., 1996) and drag force due to the considerable current. They are more usually used at the toe of vertical caissons.

A Laboratory Study on the Wave Distribution around Breakwater

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 2312-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Lei Geng ◽  
Ci Heng Zhang ◽  
Yu Fen Cao
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Incident Wave ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Wave Basin ◽  
Wave Generator ◽  
Wave Distribution ◽  
Directional Wave

A three-dimensional physical model was used to study the wave distribution around breakwater in Malaysia Kuantan. Model tests were carried out by using the L-type action absorption directional wave generator in a 45m×40m wave basin at TIWTE in Tianjin China. The incident wave conditions were checked first in the laboratory and a series steps were introduced to construct the bathymetry and breakwater structure. At last, the wave distribution around the breakwater with 60yrs and 100yrs wave action were given respectively. The conclusions should be used to achieve optimization of the design.

Rough River Outlet Works physical model study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Sharp ◽  
Locke Williams ◽  
Duncan Bryant ◽  
Jake Allgeier ◽  
Kevin Pigg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Army Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Structure Transition ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hydraulics Laboratory

The US Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District, requested the support and assistance of the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL), in the evaluation of the hydraulic performance of the replacement Outlet Works for Rough River Dam. To support the design effort, CHL constructed a 1:25.85 scale physical model. The proposed features of the model in the domain are the curved approach channel, intake structure, transition, curved conduit, stilling basin, concrete apron, and retreat channel. Tests performed to evaluate the hydraulic performance illuminated a few design concerns. To address these issues, several key design changes were made. These included the retreat channel slope, end sill design, and transition design.

Shape Optimisation of Model Scale Geotextile Sand Containers (GSC) Regarding Sinking Behaviour: First Results of Physical Model Tests

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Désirée Plenker ◽  
Evelyn Heins ◽  
Jürgen Grabe
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Shape Optimisation ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Scour Protection

Energy transition towards sustainable power generation affects the offshore wind energy sector greatly. Due to extensive research work and technological developments, the number of foundation types for offshore wind energy plants has increased significantly. Independent of foundation type, each structure influences the ecological and hydrodynamic regime surrounding the structure. As a consequence, local flow turbulences may cause scours at the seabed and can lead to a reduction of structure stability. Geotextile sand containers (GSC) are an approved method for scour protection. During installation of scour protection systems, the sinking behaviour of GSC is affected by translational and rotational movement, which impedes an accurate positioning of GSC. Physical model tests have been conducted to analyse the influence of container shape and material properties of GSC. This paper presents the results of these model tests.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON BEACH MORPHODYNAMICAL PROCESS NEAR RIVER MOUTH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Di Ronza ◽  
Di Natale M ◽  
C. Eramo ◽  
V. Minutolo ◽  
S. Palladino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Wave Basin ◽  
Depositional Process ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Current Interaction ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
River Current

Physical model study on wave influences on river-mouth depositional process ispresented. Experiments were performed in a wave basin in order to determine erosionand accretion area due to the combined wave – current flows. An inflow glass channelwas designed to reproduce a river mouth model in a 3D wave basin made with a sandbottom. The tests were carried out under three different conditions: river current,waves, wave –current interaction. Measurements of wave heights, beach profiles andbathymetric profiles were made. The results show that in the presence of combinedwave-current flows, erosion areas are more evident in vicinity of a mouth with depthand width values greater than depth and width values of inflow channel.

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