scholarly journals INCREASED OVERTOPPING SECURITY OF DYKES: A POTENTIAL FOR COMPENSATING FUTURE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanz Dieter Niemeyer ◽  
Ralf Kaiser ◽  
Cordula Berkenbrink
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surges ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
First Results ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Anticipated acceleration of sea level rise in combination with expected higher set-up of storm surges will require strengthening of coastal protection structures. Dykes e. g. must then be heightened according to the existing design rules taking only hydrodynamical loads into consideration. Alternatively the development of new design rules taking both hydrodynamical loads and the strength of the available soil for the construction of a dyke might allow the explo-ration of up to now undetected safety margins. In order to explore these possibilities the German Coastal Engineering Research Council has provided the funds for a research project targeting these aims. First results of this project are presented in this paper on the background of achieved improvements for the determination of design wave run-up on coastal and estuarine sea dykes.

scholarly journals QCD in a moving frame: an exploratory study

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 14012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Dalla Brida ◽  
Leonardo Giusti ◽  
Michele Pepe
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Moving Frame ◽  
Quantum Field Theories ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
First Results ◽  
Set Up

The framework of shifted boundary conditions has proven to be a very powerful tool for the non-perturbative investigation of thermal quantum field theories. For instance, it has been successfully considered for the determination of the equation of state of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory with high accuracy. The set-up can be generalized to QCD and it is expected to lead to a similar breakthrough. We present first results for QCD with three flavours of non-perturbatively O(a)-improved Wilson fermions and shifted boundary conditions.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF COASTAL PROTECTION MEASURES FOR SMALL ISLANDS IN THE WADDEN SEA USING A RISK-BASED APPROACH

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theide Wöffler ◽  
Holger Schüttrumpf ◽  
Arne Arns ◽  
Hilmar Von Eynatten ◽  
Roger Häußling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
The Difference

The Halligen in the Northfrisian part of the UNESCO – World Natural Heritage Wadden Sea are exposed to extreme storm surges due to climate change and sea level rise. Existing coastal protection measures in this area do not consider the future sea state and are mainly based on tradition and expert knowledge. The presented work is part of the project ZukunftHallig (supported by the German Coastal Engineering Research Council) and has the main objective to design and evaluate new coastal protection techniques and management strategies for the Halligen. With numerical simulations hydrological parameters are investigated. Furthermore sensitivity analyses expose possible variations in future storm surges and illustrate the difference in significant wave heights for varying wind climates. This risk based approach of the project is a suitable way to ensure life for future generations on these islands under sustainable ecological und economic conditions.

Climate change related increase of storminess near Hel Peninsula, Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz R. Cerkowniak ◽  
Rafał Ostrowski ◽  
Piotr Szmytkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Gulf Of Gdańsk ◽  
North East ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Gulf Of Gdansk ◽  
Deep Water Wave ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Set Up

The paper deals with the growing threat of erosion to the south Baltic coast, caused by the intensification of a wind-induced wave climate and sea level rise, which is expected to continue until 2100 as a result of climate change. In the analysis, a deep-water wave prognostic point is located about 13 km north-east of the Hel Peninsula, situated in the NW part of the Gulf of Gdańsk. The study comprises the analyses of wind velocity, storm surge, wave height, wave set-up and wave run-up. A significant predicted increase in wave heights during extreme storms, compared with the wave climate reconstructed for 1958–2001, combined with anticipated higher storm surges, is expected to result in a lower resilience of the sea shore to erosion and flooding. Although nourishment operations conducted along the open sea shore of the Hel Peninsula have proved efficient and successful, nourishment needs will have to be adequately recalculated in future to ensure sufficient protection of this coastal segment.

scholarly journals OVERFLOW AND WAVE OVERTOPPING OVER BROAD QUAY WALLS MODELED WITH OPENFOAM

2018 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Dieter Vanneste ◽  
Wim Van Hoydonck ◽  
Daphné Thoon
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surges ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Front Edge ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Eu

In the framework of the EU Floods Directive, Flanders Hydraulics Research (FHR) is performing flood modeling studies to evaluate the flood risk along the Belgian coast due to extreme storm surges on the North Sea. Thereto, amongst others, the failure behavior of quay walls in the coastal ports must be determined. Computing the landward non-impulsive wave overtopping discharge over a broad quay, in some cases combined with overflow, on which a flood wall can be present at large distance [O (100 m)] from the front edge poses a particular challenge. This matter, to the authors’ knowledge, is not covered in existing literature, e.g. the European Overtopping Manual. It is also not possible to apply the method for reduction of wave overtopping over a wide crest according to Verwaest et al. (2010), since it was developed for breaking waves on a shallow foreshore overtopping a sloping dike, requiring the determination of a run-up level. It is clear that the landward water flow on the quay should be investigated in more detail, as it is characterized by bottom friction and possible inertia due interaction with the flow reflected at the flood wall. To this end, the CFD toolbox OpenFOAM is used to model the final discharges at the landward side of the quay.

scholarly journals WAVE RUN-UP IN FIELD MEASUREMENTS WITH NEWLY DEVELOPED INSTRUMENT

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heie F. Erchinger
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Coastal Structures ◽  
Logarithmic Distribution ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Natural Wind

The height of dikes and other coastal structures can only be calculated after determination of the wave run-up. Several formulas for the calculation of wave run-up are developed after model tests as a rule. But the influences of scale effects and natural wind conditions are practically unknown. To clear these questions further investigations and especially field measurements should be carried out. By measuring the markerline of floating trash on the slope of the seadikes the maximum wave run-up could be found out after four storm surges in 1967 and 1973- In two graphs it will be shown that on the tidal flats the run-up depends on the waterdepth. The run-up was higher than it could be expected after model tests of 1954. With a newly developed special echo sounder the run-up could be measured in January 1976. The waves and the run-up could be registrated synchronously during two severe storm surges. As shown in Fig. 9 it was found a logarithmic distribution of the wave height, wave period and the higher part of the wave run-up. The found wave run-up is considerably higher than estimated before. The measured 98 % run-up is found about twice the computed value. That is an interesting and important result of the first synchronous recording of wave run-up on sea dikes.

Determination of the Recent Tectonic Movements Using GPS and Insar Methods; The First Results From the Eastern Part of the Gediz Graben

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih POYRAZ ◽  
Orhan TATAR ◽  
Kemal Özgür HASTAOĞLU ◽  
İbrahim TİRYAKİOĞLU ◽  
Önder GÜRSOY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Results ◽  
Tectonic Movements

Respirometry for determination of the influents SS-concentration

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Witteborg ◽  
A. van der Last ◽  
R. Hamming ◽  
I. Hemmers
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
On Line ◽  
Large Measurement ◽  
Set Up

A method is presented for determining influent readily biodegradable substrate concentration (SS). The method is based on three different respiration rates, which can be measured with a continuous respiration meter which is operated in a cyclic way. Within the respiration meter nitrification is inhibited through the addition of ATU. Simulations were used to develop the respirometry set-up and decide upon the experimental design. The method was tested as part of a large measurement programme executed at a full-scale plant. The proposed respirometry set-up has been shown to be suitable for a semi-on-line determination of an influent SS which is fully based on the IAWQ #1 vision of the activated sludge process. The YH and the KS play a major role in the principle, and should be measured directly from the process.

Determination of trace concentrations of copper by FIA-FAAS after preconcentration on chelating sorbents

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1785-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Kubáň ◽  
Josef Komárek ◽  
Zbyněk Zdráhal
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Copper Determination ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Sample Injection ◽  
Injection Flow ◽  
Chelating Sorbents ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Trace Concentrations ◽  
Better Than

A FIA-FAAS apparatus containing a six-channel sorption equipment with five 3 x 26 mm microcolumns packed with Spheron Oxin 1 000, Ostsorb Oxin and Ostsorb DTTA was set up. Combined with sorption from 0.002M acetate buffer at pH 4.2 and desorption with 2M-HCl, copper can be determined at concentrations up to 100, 150 and 200 μg l-1, respectively. For sample and eluent flow rates of 5.0 and 4.0 ml min-1, respectively, and a sample injection time of 5 min, the limit of copper determination is LQ = 0.3 μg l-1, repeatability sr is better than 2% and recovery is R = 100 ± 2%. The enrichment factor is on the order of 102 and is a linear function of time (volume) of sample injection up to 5 min and of the sample injection flow rate up to 11 ml min-1 for Spheron Oxin 1 000 and Ostsorb DTTA. For times of sorption of 60 and 300 s, the sampling frequency is 70 and 35 samples/h, respectively. The parameters of the FIA-FAAS determination (acetylene-air flame) are comparable to or better than those achieved by ETA AAS. The method was applied to the determination of traces of copper in high-purity water.

Extra-Column Effects in Determination of Rate Parameters by the Chromatographic Method

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Šolcová ◽  
Petr Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Dynamic Method ◽  
Axial Dispersion ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Porous Particles ◽  
Loop Detector ◽  
Single Pellet ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Extra Column Effects

It was shown that the sampling loop, detector and connecting elements in the chromatographic set-up for determination of transport parameters by the dynamic method significantly influence the response peaks from columns packed with porous or nonporous particles. A method, based on the use of convolution theorem, was developed which can take these effects into account. The applicability of this method was demonstrated on the case of axial dispersion in a single-pellet-string column (SPSR) packed with nonporous particles. It is possible to handle also responses from columns packed with porous particles by a similar procedure.

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