scholarly journals SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN SHALLOW COASTAL WATERS

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Hans H. Dette
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Initial Dilution ◽  
Depth Of Discharge ◽  
Actual Design ◽  
Applied Design ◽  
Work Done

The disposal of sewage effluent into coastal waters for dilution and final disposal requires an effective mixing of sewage with the seawater in order to achieve the necessary or demanded reduction of bacterial population. Most of the design parameters originate from work done on ocean outfalls. RAWN et al. (I960) developped curves from field data for the determination of initial dilution in a waste issuing from a horizontal port. ABRAHAM (1963) extended these curves to show that the dilution is a function of the depth of discharge port, the diameter of the discharge orifice D and the FROUDE number F. The question, to which extent this calculation method is also valid for outfalls in shallow water regions, is still open. In connection with the actual design of a diffuser in shallow coastal water the method of ABRAHAM was applied together with a new method derived by BERGEN (1980) which is based upon experiments which were carried out in the Leichtweiss- Institute at semi-technical scale. After the diffuser had been taken into operation by means of in-situ measurements the demanded dilution could be checked and herewith also the reliability of the applied design method for practical use.

The determination of trace metals in estuarine and coastal waters using a voltammetric in situ profiling system

The Analyst ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate A. Howell ◽  
Eric P. Achterberg ◽  
Charlotte B. Braungardt ◽  
Alan D. Tappin ◽  
David R. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Coastal Waters

Solid phase extraction coupled with a liquid waveguide capillary cell for simultaneous redox speciation analysis of dissolved iron in estuarine and coastal waters

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4971-4978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaojin Chen ◽  
Yongming Huang ◽  
Sichao Feng ◽  
Dongxing Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Dissolved Iron ◽  
Liquid Waveguide Capillary Cell

An automatic system for simultaneous determination of Fe(ii) and Fe(ii + iii) in estuarine and coastal waters is established and applied in situ.

A submersible flow-injection analyser for the in-situ determination of nitrite and nitrate in coastal waters

1995 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Daniel ◽  
Dominique Birot ◽  
Stéphane Blain ◽  
Paul Tréguer ◽  
Bernard Leïldé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Coastal Waters

An Optimization Design Method for Differential-Based Coupling Power-Slit Device

2012 ◽  
Vol 614-615 ◽  
pp. 1311-1317
Author(s):  
Xiang Jun Yu ◽  
Ji Xin Wang ◽  
Ming Yao Yao ◽  
Zong Wei Yao
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Gear Drives ◽  
Parameter Values

For a typical Full-hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) layout, such as Toyota Prius, the power-slit device (PSD) is a key component. Determination of volume or weight of a PSD is an important issue in preliminary design of power transmission applications. The purpose of this paper is to preliminary design of PSD gear drives by minimizing volume of gear trains. A stochastic approach Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied to a differential-based coupling PSD design problem. Static and dynamic penalty functions were introduced to the objective function for handling the design constraints. The calculation of quadratic mean deviation and dynamic bounding parameter values such as determination of crossover and mutation parameter values were adopted to ensure the convergence of the fitness function. The optimized design method based on GA produced quite well results, which promptly supplied preliminary design parameters of gear drives for differential-based coupling PSD design.

INDIREKTE PAPIERCHROMATOGRAPHISCHE METHODE ZUR BESTIMMUNG DER HARNOESTROGENE

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kecskés ◽  
F. Mutschler ◽  
I. Glós ◽  
E. Thán ◽  
I. Farkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
List Type ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumour ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Phenol Fraction ◽  
Qualitative Determination

ABSTRACT 1. An indirect paperchromatographic method is described for separating urinary oestrogens; this consists of the following steps: acidic hydrolysis, extraction with ether, dissociation of phenol-fractions with partition between the solvents. Previous purification of phenol fraction with the aid of paperchromatography. The elution of oestrogen containing fractions is followed by acetylation. Oestrogen acetate is isolated by re-chromatography. The chromatogram was developed after hydrolysis of the oestrogens 'in situ' on the paper. The quantity of oestrogens was determined indirectly, by means of an iron-reaction, after the elution of the iron content of the oestrogen spot, which was developed by the Jellinek-reaction. 2. The method described above is satisfactory for determining urinary oestrogen, 17β-oestradiol and oestriol, but could include 16-epioestriol and other oestrogenic metabolites. 3. The sensitivity of the method is 1.3–1.6 μg/24 hours. 4. The quantitative and qualitative determination of urinary oestrogens with the above mentioned method was performed in 50 pregnant and 9 non pregnant women, and also in 2 patients with granulosa cell tumour.

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