Contributions of in-situ ball penetration tests to the determination of bitumen application rates in the South African surface seal design method

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Mwanza ◽  
Peiwen Hao ◽  
Mike H. White ◽  
Xiaoming Dong
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Design Method ◽  
The South ◽  
Seal Design ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Penetration Tests

The Earliest South African Hominids

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Clarke ◽  
Travis Rayne Pickering ◽  
Jason L. Heaton ◽  
Kathleen Kuman
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
The South ◽  
Taxonomic Assignment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

The earliest South African hominids (humans and their ancestral kin) belong to the genera Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Homo, with the oldest being a ca. 3.67 million-year-old nearly complete skeleton of Australopithecus (StW 573) from Sterkfontein Caves. This skeleton has provided, for the first time in almost a century of research, the full anatomy of an Australopithecus individual with indisputably associated skull and postcranial bones that give complete limb lengths. The three genera are also found in East Africa, but scholars have disagreed on the taxonomic assignment for some fossils owing to historical preconceptions. Here we focus on the South African representatives to help clarify these debates. The uncovering of the StW 573 skeleton in situ revealed significant clues concerning events that had affected it over time and demonstrated that the associated stalagmite flowstones cannot provide direct dating of the fossil, as they are infillings of voids caused by postdepositional collapse.

Determination of Composition and Vertical Structure of Fish Communities Using in situ Measurements of Acoustic Target Strength

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barange ◽  
I. Hampton ◽  
S. C. Pillar ◽  
M. A. Soule
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Acoustic Target

A split-beam echo-sounder was used to estimate in situ acoustic target strengths (TS) of fish from a number of different fish communities on the South African continental shelf. The TS and size distributions (obtained by aimed trawling) were used to describe the size structure and vertical distribution of these communities. TS distributions obtained from several monospecific populations of juvenile Cape hake (Merluccius capensis), the dominant species present, were self-consistent, and there was good correspondence between modes in the TS and length distributions of juvenile hake, adult round herring (Etrumeus whiteheadi), anchovy (Engraulis capensis) recruits, pelagic goby (Sufflogobius bibarbatus), horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus capensis), and ribbon fish (Lepidopus caudatus). Average TS values for all these species, both per individual and normalized by weight, are presented and compared with published values. The use of TS information in studies of the small-scale community structure and dynamics of fish populations is discussed. It is concluded that the method can be effective on low-density, multispecific assemblages such as those in our study, avoiding many of the pitfalls of conventional net sampling.

The Need for the Statutory Introduction of the Concept of “Matrimonial Property” in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
Chinedu Justin Efe
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
South African ◽  
Property Law ◽  
The South ◽  
Property System ◽  
Special Category

AbstractThis article demonstrates how the application of the ordinary rules of property law in the determination of the property rights of spouses in Nigeria has been unfair to a financially weaker spouse (usually the wife). It calls for reconsideration of the present matrimonial property rights arrangement between a husband and a wife in Nigeria. It argues in favour of the statutory introduction of the concept of “matrimonial property” in Nigeria to apply both during marriage and at divorce. To give some background, reference is made to the South African matrimonial property system of community of property and the accrual system. The article proposes that a special category of property, known as “matrimonial property” and which emphasizes the equal proprietary rights of spouses, is recognized.

Determination of moult stage in the South African West Coast rock lobsterJasus lalandii(h. Milne Edwards) (Crustacea: Decapoda)

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Isaacs ◽  
A. C. Cockcroft ◽  
M. J. Gibbons ◽  
C. J. de Villiers
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Moult Stage

The Compatibility of South African Anti-Dumping Laws with WTO Disciplines

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saloni Khanderia
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
South African ◽  
Export Price ◽  
International Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South

This article evaluates the compatibility of South African laws on anti-dumping with the WTO disciplines set forth in the Anti-Dumping Agreement. It analyses the provisions of the International Trade Administration Act 2002 and the Anti-Dumping Regulations 2005 to examine whether South Africa has been adhering to its WTO obligations. The South African law on this subject is largely incompatible with its WTO counterpart in matters of, inter alia, the calculation of the constructed export price, the determination of material injury and a causal relationship, the imposition of provisional and definitive anti-dumping duties and the procedure for review. This has in turn resulted in strained relationships between South Africa and the other members of the international community in regard to the procedures adopted during anti-dumping investigations.

In Situ Investigation of Liquefiable Gravels

2000 ◽  
Vol 1714 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Koester ◽  
Chris Daniel ◽  
Michael L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Penetration Tests

A series of dynamic in situ penetration tests was performed in deep alluvial gravel deposits at Seward, Alaska, that were shaken and apparently liquefied by the March 27, 1964, Alaska earthquake. Both a U.S. standard penetration test split spoon and a larger-diameter drive sampler were used, and dynamic cone penetrometers of two sizes were also driven into the gravels near the mouth of the Resurrection River that had exhibited settlement and lateral spreading as a result of earthquake shaking. Two safety hammers were used [nominally 623 N (140 lb) and 1334 N (300 lb)], and the energy delivered with various hammer and penetrometer combinations was measured throughout all tests. Limited measurements of hammer velocity were also made by a radar system developed for that purpose to allow for kinetic energy determination. Soils recovered in the split spoon samplers were sent to the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Soils Research Facility in Vicksburg, Mississippi, where they were evaluated for classification (gradation and index properties). The sampling and testing procedures used at the Seward site, as well as preliminary analysis of the various penetration test results, are summarized. Comparisons are made with penetration resistance measurements made by the Alaska Highway Department immediately after the 1964 earthquake. Results of this investigation will be adapted to guide future practice for in situ determination of liquefaction resistance in coarse alluvial soils.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE BIAS IN SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
E S Nwauche
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
South African ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The South ◽  
Reasonable Suspicion ◽  
Administrative Justice

 This article reviews the interpretation of section 6(2)(a)ii of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act which makes an administrator “biased or reasonably suspected of bias” a ground of judicial review. In this regard, the paper reviews the determination of administrative bias in South Africa especially highlighting the concept of institutional bias. The paper notes that inspite of the formulation of the bias ground of review the test for administrative bias is the reasonable apprehension test laid down in the case of President of South Africa v South African Rugby Football Union(2) which on close examination is not the same thing. Accordingly the paper urges an alternative interpretation that is based on the reasonable suspicion test enunciated in BTR Industries South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Metal and Allied Workers Union and R v Roberts. Within this context, the paper constructs a model for interpreting the bias ground of review that combines the reasonable suspicion test as interpreted in BTR Industries and R v Roberts, the possibility of the waiver of administrative bias, the curative mechanism of administrative appeal as well as some level of judicial review exemplified by the jurisprudence of article 6(1) of the European Convention of Human Rights, especially in the light of the contemplation of the South African Magistrate Court as a jurisdictional route of judicial review.

scholarly journals SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN SHALLOW COASTAL WATERS

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Hans H. Dette
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Initial Dilution ◽  
Depth Of Discharge ◽  
Actual Design ◽  
Applied Design ◽  
Work Done

The disposal of sewage effluent into coastal waters for dilution and final disposal requires an effective mixing of sewage with the seawater in order to achieve the necessary or demanded reduction of bacterial population. Most of the design parameters originate from work done on ocean outfalls. RAWN et al. (I960) developped curves from field data for the determination of initial dilution in a waste issuing from a horizontal port. ABRAHAM (1963) extended these curves to show that the dilution is a function of the depth of discharge port, the diameter of the discharge orifice D and the FROUDE number F. The question, to which extent this calculation method is also valid for outfalls in shallow water regions, is still open. In connection with the actual design of a diffuser in shallow coastal water the method of ABRAHAM was applied together with a new method derived by BERGEN (1980) which is based upon experiments which were carried out in the Leichtweiss- Institute at semi-technical scale. After the diffuser had been taken into operation by means of in-situ measurements the demanded dilution could be checked and herewith also the reliability of the applied design method for practical use.

In situ lymphocyte apoptosis in larval xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Grant ◽  
Richard H Clothier ◽  
Rachel O Johnson ◽  
Laurens N Ruben
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
South African ◽  
Lymphocyte Apoptosis ◽  
The South
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