scholarly journals LABORATORY REPRODUCTION OF SEABED SCOUR IN FRONT OF BREAKWATERS

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Irie ◽  
Kazuo Nadaoka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bed Materials

Mechanism of scour in front of breakwaters by standing waves in two and three dimensions has been studied theoretically and experimentally to clarify the experimental conditions by which the prototype behavior could be best reproduced in laboratory. The phenomenal reproduction of scour in laboratory is satisfactory if some conditions on the characteristics of waves and bed materials are fulfilled. This enables experimental approach to find out the optimum protection methods against scour in front of breakwaters.

Variety perception and attitude toward digital assortments

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolande Piris ◽  
Nathalie Guibert
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Real Product ◽  
The Way

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers’ variety perception for online grocery assortments and, more generally, to better understand consumers’ attitude toward digital assortments. In particular, this research examines the influence of the organization of products that results from assortment structure and display. Design/methodology/approach Starting from the observation that previous work on traditional assortments is not sufficient to understand consumers’ perceptions and attitudes, the paper adopts a hypothetico-deductive approach and develops four hypotheses. These hypotheses are tested using an experimental approach. Findings This research enables us to see that both attitude and variety perception are affected by the way products are organized on a website. Furthermore, contrary to what the literature on traditional assortments allows one to assume, the assortment corresponding to a more positive attitude is not perceived as being the more varied. As a result, our findings reconsider the link between variety perception and consumer assortment evaluation for digital assortments. Research limitations/implications The work is based on data collected for only one product category. It would be interesting to explore other categories also, to determine if the structure of the assortment and variety perception have stable effects. Practical implications The results inform retailers that they must carefully design the display of their digital assortments. If a retailer wants to enhance variety perception, the authors recommend using an assortment organized by brand, or presenting all the products together. If, instead, the goal is to encourage a positive attitude, the retailer should opt for assortments sorted by attribute or that present all products together. Originality/value This research adopts a new orientation on assortment perception and evaluation, considering the specificities involved in digitizing assortments. In addition, this research studies a real product category and puts respondents in experimental conditions close to reality.

scholarly journals Fast pole figure acquisition using area detectors at the DiffAbs beamline – Synchrotron SOLEIL

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1842-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Mocuta ◽  
Marie-Ingrid Richard ◽  
Julie Fouet ◽  
Stefan Stanescu ◽  
Antoine Barbier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pole Figure ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Structural Anisotropy ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Area Detector ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Texture Orientation ◽  
Point Detector

Structural anisotropy, for example texture, may govern important physical properties of thin film, such as electrical, magnetic and/or mechanical ones. Texture (orientation information) is typically observed and quantified by the measurement of so-called pole figures. An optimized experimental approach implemented at the DiffAbs beamline (Synchrotron SOLEIL) is presented here. Using an X-ray pixel area detector and synchrotron radiation sources, a complete pole figure (with resolutions adapted for metallic textured thin films, typically of the order of a few degrees) can be measured in time intervals as short as one minute. The necessary corrections enabling complete pole figure retrieval from the experimental data using this optimized approach are provided and discussed. A gain in measuring time by up to two orders of magnitude is found with respect to the use of a point detector (classical approach) under the same experimental conditions. Data measured using these two approaches are shown, compared and discussed.

scholarly journals Biochemically distinct cohesin complexes mediate positioned loops between CTCF sites and dynamic loops within chromatin domains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Job Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Cohesin Complex ◽  
Genomic Context ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Chromatin Domains ◽  
Isolated Nuclei ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Chromatid Cohesion

The ring-like cohesin complex mediates sister chromatid cohesion by encircling pairs of sister chromatids. Cohesin also extrudes loops along chromatids. Whether the two activities involve similar mechanisms of DNA engagement is not known. We implemented an experimental approach based on isolated nuclei carrying engineered cleavable RAD21 proteins to precisely control cohesin ring integrity so that its role in chromatin looping could be studied under defined experimental conditions. This approach allowed us to identify cohesin complexes with distinct biochemical, and possibly structural properties, that mediate different sets of chromatin loops. When RAD21 is cleaved and the cohesin ring is opened, cohesin complexes at CTCF sites are released from DNA and loops at these elements are lost. In contrast, cohesin-dependent loops within chromatin domains and that are not anchored at CTCF sites are more resistant to RAD21 cleavage. The results show that the cohesin complex mediates loops in different ways depending on genomic context and suggests that it undergoes structural changes as it dynamically extrudes and encounters CTCF sites.

An experimental study of standing waves

1953 ◽  
Vol 218 (1132) ◽  
pp. 44-59 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Close Approximation ◽  
Frequency Curve ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Good Agreement

The experiments here described were designed to test experimentally some conclusions about free standing waves recently reached analytically by Penney & Price. A close approximation to free oscillations was produced in a tank by wave makers operating with small amplitude and at frequencies where great amplification occurred, owing to resonance. The amplitude-frequency curve proved to consist of two non-intersecting branches, a result which can be explained theoretically. A striking prediction made by Penney & Price was that when the height of the crests of standing waves reaches about 0·15 wave-length they will become pointed, in the form of a 90° ridge. Higher waves were expected to be unstable because the downward acceleration of the free surface near the crest would exceed that of gravity. The experimental conditions necessary for producing a crest in the form of an angled ridge were found and the wave photographed in this condition. Good agreement was found with the calculated form of the profile of the highest wave, which had an angle very near to 90°. The predicted instability for two-dimensional waves was found to begin at the moment the crest became a sharp ridge. It rapidly assumed a three-dimensional character which was revealed by two photographic techniques. Even when the amplitude of oscillation of the wave makers was only 0·85°, violent types of instability developed which produced effects that are here recorded.

Experimental Investigation on Friction Stir Butt Welded Aluminium 6061-T6 Alloy Using Taguchi L9 Experimental Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 1148 ◽  
pp. 176-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Maneaih ◽  
K. Prahlada Rao ◽  
K. Brahma Raju
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Process Parameter ◽  
Weld Bead ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
The Individual

Two sheets of aluminium 6061-T6 alloy of size 400×150×3 (mm) is butt welded by the friction stir welding by varying the process parameter such as rotational speed, tilt angle and feed. The ranges of process parameters are rotational speed 560, 900 and 1400 RPM, tilt angle 0, 0.5 and 1 and feed 20, 63 and 100 mm/min. The hexagonal shape of probe is taken to carry out the friction stir welding. The Taguchi L9 experimental approach is used to draw the 9 experimental conditions. The temperature at the weld bead as well as on the probe during the welding is measured by the help of a LASER gun. The hardness at the weld bead and parent metal is measured after the welding. Taguchi L9 approach is used to optimize the process parameters to identify the individual as well as simultaneous effects of the process parameters on the responses temperature and hardness of the weld joint. The optimum conditions for the better fitment of the process parameter and responses are identified through this experimentation.

scholarly journals Laser-Generated Shocks and Bubbles as Laboratory-Scale Models of Underwater Explosions

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore G. Jones ◽  
Jacob Grun ◽  
L. Dale Bibee ◽  
Charles Manka ◽  
Alexandra Landsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Laser System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulation ◽  
Underwater Explosions ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Good Agreement

Underwater shocks and bubbles were generated using a high energy pulsed laser system. The advantages of this experimental approach are: (1) precisely controlled and measured experimental conditions; (2) improved diagnostics, including extensive imaging capabilities; (3) unique experiments, including a simultaneously detonated line charge; and (4) the ability to provide validation quality data for hydrodynamic simulation codes. Bubble sensitivity to variation of several experimental parameters was examined. Numerical simulations were performed corresponding to the experimental shots, showing that empirical bubble theory, experimental bubble data, and simulations were all in good agreement.

scholarly journals Nanoscale Stoichiometric Analysis of a High-Temperature Superconductor by Atom Probe Tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Pedrazzini ◽  
Andrew J. London ◽  
Baptiste Gault ◽  
David Saxey ◽  
Susannah Speller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Atom Probe Tomography ◽  
High Temperature Superconductor ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Oxygen Stoichiometry ◽  
Superconducting Properties ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe functional properties of the high-temperature superconductor Y1Ba2Cu3O7−δ(Y-123) are closely correlated to the exact stoichiometry and oxygen content. Exceeding the critical value of 1 oxygen vacancy for every five unit cells (δ>0.2, which translates to a 1.5 at% deviation from the nominal oxygen stoichiometry of Y7.7Ba15.3Cu23O54−δ) is sufficient to alter the superconducting properties. Stoichiometry at the nanometer scale, particularly of oxygen and other lighter elements, is extremely difficult to quantify in complex functional ceramics by most currently available analytical techniques. The present study is an analysis and optimization of the experimental conditions required to quantify the local nanoscale stoichiometry of single crystal yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) samples in three dimensions by atom probe tomography (APT). APT analysis required systematic exploration of a wide range of data acquisition and processing conditions to calibrate the measurements. Laser pulse energy, ion identification, and the choice of range widths were all found to influence composition measurements. The final composition obtained from melt-grown crystals with optimized superconducting properties was Y7.9Ba10.4Cu24.4O57.2.

Investigation of ordering kinetics in Cu3Au with the tomographic atom probe

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1502-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duval ◽  
S. Chambreland ◽  
A. Loiseau ◽  
D. Blavette
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Law ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ordering Kinetics ◽  
Tomographic Atom Probe ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Dimensions Of Space

Kinetics of congruent ordering in Cu3Au at 350 °C was investigated by means of a three-dimensional atom probe. This instrument, called a Tomographic Atom Probe (TAP), enables atomic resolution images of a small volume (10 × 10 × 100 nm3) of the material reconstructed in the three dimensions of space. The time evolution of ordered domains at 350 °C shows that a t1/2 law is followed as soon as 5 min. For this aging time, the nucleus diameter is close to 1.7 nm. This scaling law was observed even before domains came into contact (t = 50 min). Competitive growth was observed to start as soon as 5 min. The number density was observed to decrease rapidly up to t = 50 min. A slower decrease was observed when domains begin to impinge. Experimental conditions and requirements as well as advantages of TAP as compared to HREM for the study of ordering are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals An experimental approach to study the physiology of natural social interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Chaminade
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Delta Functions

The classical experimental methodology is ill-suited for the investigation of the behavioral and physiological correlates of natural social interactions. A new experimental approach combining a natural conversation between two persons with control conditions is proposed in this paper. Behavior, including gaze direction and speech, and physiology, including electrodermal activity, are recorded during a discussion between two participants through videoconferencing. Control for the social aspect of the interaction is provided by the use of an artificial agent and of videoed conditions. A cover story provides spurious explanations for the purpose of the experiment and for the recordings, as well as a controlled and engaging topic of discussion. Preprocessing entails transforming raw measurements into boxcar and delta functions time series indicating when a certain behaviour or physiological event is present. The preliminary analysis presented here consists in finding statistically significant differences between experimental conditions in the temporal associations between behavioral and physiological time series. Significant results validate the experimental approach and further developments including more elaborate analysis and adaptation of the paradigm to functional MRI are discussed.

scholarly journals Akurasi Google Earth Dalam Pengukuran Arah Kiblat

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Zainul Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Three Dimensions

Google Earth is one of the technologies of computer programs that provide facilities for the user to see the buildings in three dimensions, providing a latitude and longitude information of places around the globe. The purpose of using Google Earth to measure the direction of Qibla is to analyze and determine the measurement accuracy of Google Earth in the direction of Qibla, outlining the steps Google Earth in the measurement of the direction of Qibla. In this case the method of field research, testing experimental approach by comparison tools theodolite, measuring the direction of Qibla with Google Earth was conducted in three big buildings are: Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah, Masjid Kauman Yogyakarta, Masjid Ulil Albab UII Yogyakarta. Three small buildings are At-Tauba Mosque, al-Ikhlas Mosque, an-Nur  mosque in Beringin Semarang.

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