scholarly journals AN EXPERIMENT ON CLAY SUSPENSION UNDER WATER WAVES

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Prida Thimakorn
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Bottom Shear Stress ◽  
Clay Suspension ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wave Channel ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Short Time

The physical behaviour of water waves upon the suspension of fine cohesive clay was explored experimentally in a wave channel. Results obtained from the experiment show that equilibrium concentration is reached in the wave field some time about five hours after the initiation of waves. The ratio between the mean bottom concentration and the vertical average is constant and yields almost the same value within the range 1.17 and 1.34 at equilibrium and the bottom concentration at equilibrium is linearly proportioning to the maximum bottom velocity of waves. The dimensionless transient concentration possesses a relationship also with the bottom velocity and the bottom shear stress can be related to the maximum value of the ratio between the bottom concentration and the vertical average value found within a short time after the initiation of waves.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN CURRENT PROPERTIES DUE TO WAVE SUPERIMPOSING

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Asano ◽  
Masahiro Nakagawa ◽  
Yuichi Iwagaki
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Conservation Equation ◽  
Bottom Shear Stress ◽  
Energy Conservation Equation ◽  
Friction Term ◽  
Mean Water Level ◽  
The Mean

Changes in current properties due to wave superimposing are investigated experimentally. Variations of the mean water level gradient and the current velocity profile after wave superimposing are examined. Experimental results are discussed in relation to the energy conservation equation including the bottom friction term. It is found that changes in current properties can be well explained by increase in the time averaged bottom shear stress.

POTRET PERILAKU RELIGIUS MAHASISWA UIN SAYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Al-Risalah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-148
Author(s):  
Ay Maryani
Keyword(s):  
Religious Behavior ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Environment Variable ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Level 2

This study describes the religious behavior of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta students. The variables used are internal and external environment as independent variable and religious behavior as dependent variable. The internal environment variable consists of gender factor, (male and female). The external environmental variables comprise the faculty environment, the present resident and the place to grow. The present resident consist of dormitories, boarding houses and parents' homes and the place to grow consist of urban and rural environment. Religious behavior variables consist of habluminallah behavior and habluminannas behavior. Habluminallah's behavior measured by (1) knowledge of faith and worship, (2) attitudes toward faith and worship, and (3) practice of faith and worship. The habluminannas variable measured by (1) Islamic behavior for them self, like honest, discipline and good work / studyethics, trust and concern on legality, (2) Islamic behavior with others, like generous, cooperation, caring, respect to the people's rights and tolerance and (3) Islamic behavior for the natural surroundings, like love of nature and nature conservation efforts. The methodology used was (1) Statistical descriptive, (2) MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) and (3) Independent sample t-test. The results showed the religious behavior UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta students has a very good category. This is indicated by the mean values for the behavior of haluminallah and habluminannas of 158.85 and 178.76,  espectively. The average value of habluminallah behaviour in the range of values "145-180" with the category of "very good" and habluminannas behavior in the range value "165-205" with the category "very good. Habluminallah and habluminannas behavior are different for each faculty. This is indicated by the significance level of Pillai Trace, Wilk Lambda, Hotelling Trace, Roy's Largest Root of 0.00 (<0.05). Habluminallah and habluminannas behavior are the same for respondents who live in dormitories, boarding houses, and parents' homes. This is indicated by the value of F test and significance at Wilk's Lambda respectively for 2.055 and 0.085 (>0.05). Habluminallah and habluminannas behaviors are similar for urban and rural respondents. This is known from the sig level. (2-tailed) for habluminallah and habluminannas behavior of 0.317 and 0.245 (> 0.05), respectively. Habluminallah and habluminannas behaviors are similar for male and female. This is known from the sig level. (2-tailed) for habluminallah and habluminannas behavior of 0.950 and 0.307 (> 0.05),respectively. The results of this study are expected to be used to develop university policies that can enhance the Islamic values of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

Trends in the European Monetary Union. An Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110161
Author(s):  
Papageorgiou Christos ◽  
Anastasiou Athanasios ◽  
Liargovas Panagiotis
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
European Monetary Union ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
European Monetary ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Average Value ◽  
General Government ◽  
Government Deficit ◽  
The Mean

Four indicators corresponding to the four targets of the European Monetary Union were calculated. The study showed that: (a) concerning the deviation of state’s general government deficit/surplus from 3% of gross domestic product (GDP), all member states had reached their target, with the exception of Cyprus, which was slightly under the target, (b) concerning the deviation of state’s general government debt from 60% of GDP, half of all European Union (EU) member states did not reach their targets, and there was a lot to be done, especially from the EU15 member states, (c) concerning the deviation of state’s inflation rate from the mean of the three states with best results of +1.5%, it was observed that the average value of EU28 member states had reached the final target, mainly due to the performances of the EU15 member states, (d) and concerning the deviation of state’s interest rate from the mean of the three states with the best results of +2%, it was observed that the average value of EU28 member states had reached the final target.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BOTTOM SHEAR STRESS AND TURBIDITY IN ESTUARIES

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. I_1591-I_1596
Author(s):  
Jun-ichi SAKAMOTO ◽  
Haruhiko MATSUMOTO ◽  
Kesayoshi HADANO ◽  
Takuzo AMANO ◽  
Kiyonobu MITSUNOBU
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Bottom Shear Stress

Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy and Twinning Stress of 10M and 2M Martensites in Ni-Mn-Ga System

2006 ◽  
Vol 512 ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nariaki Okamoto ◽  
Takashi Fukuda ◽  
Tomoyuki Kakeshita ◽  
Tetsuya Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy ◽  
Anisotropy Constant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Magnetic Shear ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Twinning Plane ◽  
Twinning Shear ◽  
The Difference

Ni2MnGa alloy with 10M martensite exhibits rearrangement of martensite variants (RMV) by magnetic field, but Ni2.14Mn0.92Ga0.94 with 2M martensite does not. In order to explain the difference, we measured uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant Ku and the stress required for twinning plane movement τreq in these alloys. Concerning the former alloy, the maximum value of magnetic shear stress acting across twinning plane τmag, which is evaluated as |Ku| divided by twinning shear, becomes larger than τr eq. On the other hand, concerning the latter alloy, the maximum of τmag is only one-tenth of τreq at any temperature examined. Obviously, the relation, τmag> τr eq, is satisfied when RMV occurs by magnetic field and vice versa. In this martensite, the large twinning shear of 2M martensite is responsible for small τmag and large τreq.

scholarly journals Statistical Characteristics of Unsteady Storms in Radar Observations for the Beijing–Tianjin Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Hong-Qing Wang ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Yin-Jing Lin ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wind Profiles

AbstractThis study was designed to provide basic information for the improvement of storm nowcasting. According to the mean direction deviation of storm movement, storms were classified into three types: 1) steady storms (S storms, extrapolated efficiently), 2) unsteady storms (U storms, extrapolated poorly), and 3) transitional storms (T storms). The U storms do not fit the linear extrapolation processes because of their unsteady movements. A 6-yr warm-season radar observation dataset was used to highlight and analyze the differences between U storms and S storms. The analysis included geometric features, dynamic factors, and environmental parameters. The results showed that storms with the following characteristics changed movement direction most easily in the Beijing–Tianjin region: 1) smaller storm area, 2) lower thickness (echo-top height minus base height), 3) lower movement speed, 4) weaker updrafts and the maximum value located in the mid- and upper troposphere, 5) storm-relative vertical wind profiles dominated by directional shear instead of speed shear, 6) lower relative humidity in the mid- and upper troposphere, and 7) higher surface evaporation and ground roughness.

scholarly journals On some continuous observations of the rate of dissipation of electric charges in the open air

1905 ◽  
Vol 76 (508) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Variable Quantity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Atmospheric Conductivity ◽  
Rate Of Dissipation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sea Coast

During the latter part of 1902 and the early months of 1903 I resolved to take as many observations of the rates of dissipation of positive and negative electric charges as possible, and to continue them over the whole 24 hours of the day, and, when opportunity offered, over longer periods. There appeared to be little information regarding the rate of dispersion during the night hours. At about the same time that these observations were being made, Nilsson was doing similar work at Upsala, and found a noticeable maximum value for atmospheric conductivity at about midnight. The observations were made on the Canterbury Plains of New Zealand, at a station about 20 feet above sea-level and about five miles due west from the sea coast. The apparatus used was Elster and Geitel’s Zerstreuungs- apparat , and the formula of reduction used was that given by them, viz:- E = 1/ t log V 0 /V- n / t ' log V' 0 /V' . In this formula E is proportional to the conductivity of the gas surrounding the instrument—for positive or negative charges, as the case may be. The constant “ n ” = ratio of capacity without cylinder ____________________________________ capacity with cylinder was determined by me to be 0·47, as the instrument was always used, with the protecting cover. The cover was always at one height above the base of the instrument, and was set so as to be as nearly co-axial with the discharging cylinder as could be judged by eye. No attempt was made to determine the actual capacity of the condenser cylinder and protecting cover, which would be a somewhat variable quantity owing- (1) to the differences on different days in attempting to cause the two to be co-axial; (2) to a certain amount of looseness in the fit of the shank of the cylinder on to its hole. The value above given for “ n "is the mean of several deter­minations made with different settings of the cover and cylinder. The individual values of “ n ” varied over about 0.03.

Technically Classified Rubber—The Non-Rubber Content and the Measurement of Cure Rate

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veith
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Astm Method ◽  
Viscosity Increase ◽  
Strain Testing ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The nonrubber content of typical samples of all grades of technically classified rubber has been determined. It is found that the nonrubber content increases in the order: red, yellow, and blue. The chemical analyses performed to determine the nonrubber content were as follows: per cent ash, per cent nitrogen, per cent acetone extract, and per cent fatty acid. The pH of both a slurry of the ash and the aqueous digest indicates that blue rubber is more basic in these respects than are red and yellow rubbers. The measurement of the cure rate of these samples of technically classified rubber has been carried out by means of (1) conventional stress-strain testing, (2) the present ASTM method utilizing the Mooney viscometer, (3) the National Bureau of Standards strain test, (4) a new and more quantitative approach developed by Gee and coworkers, and (5) a utilization of the Mooney viscometer to determine two of the parameters of Gee's equation which gives the time dependence of modulus. All of these methods place the rubbers in the same relative order. The use of the viscometer to determine two of the parameters of Gee's equation was prompted by the degree of correlation between the rate parameter obtained with the present ASTM method and the rate constant k calculated by Gee's methods. As a result of a preliminary investigation as to the causes of viscosity increases at curing temperatures, it was found that, within limits of experimental error, all of the viscosity increase is due to the formation of a cross-linked network, with a linear relationship existing between viscosity increase ΔVc and modulus (at 100 per cent elongation) f. The results of a comparison of the rate constants obtained by the viscometer and by Gee's method indicate that for MBT mixes at 260° F there is good agreement between the methods. Statistical analysis shows that the samples employed for this study are significantly different in their rate of cure. The variance, range, and mean of some of the parameters obtained with the viscometer over a 10-week period are also given. It is suggested that the Mooney viscometer be employed to classify natural rubber according to its cure rate. If this is done, it will be necessary to define the degree of accuracy desired. To determine accurately the cure rate, it is necessary that the viscometer be used in conjunction with a press cure for the estimation of the parameter f∞. If it is not feasible to carry out press cures, an average value for f∞ can be assumed, and then only a short time test with the viscometer is required.

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