scholarly journals TSUNAMI INUNDATION PREDICTION

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Bretschneider ◽  
Pieter G. Wybro
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Wave Elevation ◽  
Bed Roughness ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Waves

This paper concerns the run-up and inundation characteristics of tsunami surges. The forces and moments produced by the waves are not discussed, however, the proposed technique does provide the necessary information for their determination. The method relies on the knowledge of the wave elevation at the coast (as determined from historical data or other means) and an estimation of the bed roughness. The considerations and calculations involved in determining these parameters are discussed in detail. Twenty-four observed run-ups on the island of Hawaii in the case of the 1946 Aleutian tsunami, and 18 run-ups on the island of Maui for the Chilean 1960 tsunami are used to illustrate the technique. Methods are also presented to predict the shoreline heights and extent of inundation of tsunami surges where historical data is not available.

scholarly journals Overtopping of solitary waves and solitary bores on a plane beach

2012 ◽  
Vol 468 (2147) ◽  
pp. 3494-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Baldock ◽  
D. Peiris ◽  
A. J. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Waves ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Volume Flux ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Nonlinear Shallow Water Equations ◽  
Wave Forms ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Waves

The overtopping of solitary waves and bores present major hazards during the initial phase of tsunami inundation and storm surges. This paper presents new laboratory data on overtopping events by both solitary waves and solitary bores. Existing empirical overtopping scaling laws are found to be deficient for these wave forms. Two distinct scaling regimes are instead identified. For solitary waves, the overtopping rates scale linearly with the deficit in run-up freeboard. The volume flux in the incident solitary wave is also an important parameter, and a weak dependence on the nonlinearity of the waves ( H / d ) is observed. For solitary bores, the overtopping cannot be scaled uniquely, because the fluid momentum behind the incident bore front is independent of the bore height, but it is in close agreement with recent solutions of the nonlinear shallow water equations. The maximum overtopping rate for the solitary waves is shown to be the lower bound of the overtopping rate for the solitary bores with the same deficit in freeboard. Thus, for a given run-up, the solitary bores induce greater overtopping rates than the solitary waves when the relative freeboard is small.

scholarly journals Case study: mapping the tsunami-hazard zone in the Pasir Jambak sub-district, in Padang, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Leli Honesti ◽  
Meli Muchlian
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Nested Grid ◽  
Inundation Map ◽  
Run Up

A tsunami hazard is an adverse event that causes damage to properties and loss of life. The problem in assessing a tsunami risk zone for a small area is significant, as available tsunami inundation zone data does not give detailed information for tsunami inundation and run-up in every nested grid. Hence, this study aims to establish a tsunami risk map in the Pasir Jambak sub-district, Padang, Indonesia. The map was carried out in every nested grid point of the area and on a large scale (1:5,000). The TUNAMI N3 program was used for the simulation of the tsunami inundation. A tsunami assessment was made through simulations in nine scenarios of fault parameter data for Sipora block earthquakes. The result of the study provides a tsunami inundation map. Furthermore, this tsunami inundation map can be used for communities, local authorities, government, and others for many studies, and decision-makers can come up with mitigation plans for a small study area.

LARGE SCALE EXPERIMENTS ON EVOLUTION AND RUN-UP OF BREAKING SOLITARY WAVES

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAO-SHU HWANG ◽  
YU-HSUAN CHANG ◽  
HWUNG-HWENG HWUNG ◽  
YI-SYUAN LI
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Wave ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Solitary Waves ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Hydraulics Laboratory ◽  
The Waves

The evolution and run-up of breaking solitary waves on plane beaches are investigated in this paper. A series of large-scale experiments were conducted in the SUPER TANK of Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory with three plane beaches of slope 0.05, 0.025 and 0.017 (1:20, 1:40 and 1:60). Solitary waves of which relative wave heights, H/h0, ranged from 0.03 to 0.31 were generated by two types of wave-board displacement trajectory: the ramp-trajectory and the solitary-wave trajectory proposed by Goring (1979). Experimental results show that under the same relative wave height, the waveforms produced by the two generation procedures becomes noticeably different as the waves propagate prior to the breaking point. Meanwhile, under the same relative wave height, the larger the constant water depth is, the larger the dimensionless run-up heights would be. Scale effects associated with the breaking process are discussed.

Analisis Pemodelan Tinggi dan Waktu Tempuh Gelombang Tsunami di Pesisir Pantai Bengkulu dengan Menggunakan Data Historis Gempa Bengkulu 12 september 2007

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Dwi Pujiastuti ◽  
Rahmad Aperus ◽  
Rachmad Billyanto
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Tsunami Modeling ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
Coast Region

<p class="ISI"><strong>Abstract</strong> Tsunami modeling research has been done on the coast of Bengkulu using software L-2008 and Travel Time Tsunami (TTT). Earthquake historical data that used in this research is the earthquake in Bengkulu on September 12, 2007 which is obtained from BMKG and the USGS. This research is aimed to determine the height (run up) and travel time of the tsunami on the coast of Bengkulu as the tsunami disaster mitigation efforts. Tsunami modelling has been done by validate the run up using tide gauge  data in the area of Padang, Muko-Muko, and Kaur.  In this research used magnitude scenario are 8 M<sub>w</sub>, 8.5 M<sub>w</sub> and 9 M<sub>w</sub>. Local tsunami effect observed were 10 areas along the coast region Bengkulu. Tsunami modeling of Bengkulu in September 12, 2007 results the run up value which is close to the run up value of the measurements. From the modelling result obtained that the quickest area impacted by the tsunami is Enggano Island   which is 27  minutes 46  seconds from earthquake.  The highest tsunami run up value is located in the Bengkulu city. The run up values by using the scenario of magnitude 8M<sub>w</sub> is  2.07 m, 8.5 M<sub>w</sub> is  4.05 m and 9 M<sub>w</sub> is 9.83 m.</p><p class="54IsiAbstractCxSpFirst"> </p><p class="54IsiAbstractCxSpLast"><strong>Keywords:</strong>   tsunami, modelling, software L-2008, software TTT, run up</p><p class="ISICxSpFirst"><strong> </strong></p><p class="ISICxSpLast"><strong>Abstrak</strong> Telah dilakukan penelitian pemodelan tsunami di pesisir Pantai Bengkulu dengan menggunakan <em>software</em><em> </em>L-2008 dan <em>Travel Time Tsunami </em>(TTT). Data historis gempa bumi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah gempa bumi Bengkulu 12 September 2007 yang diperoleh dari BMKG dan USGS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tinggi (<em>run up</em>) dan waktu tempuh gelombang tsunami di pesisir Pantai Bengkulu sebagai upaya mitigasi bencana tsunami. Sebagai validasi digunakan data <em>run up </em>stasiun <em>tide gauge yang </em>berlokasi di Padang, Muko-muko dan Kaur. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemodelan tsunami untuk mengestimasi tinggi <em>run up</em><em> </em>dan waktu tempuh penjalaran gelombang tsunami menggunakan skenario magnitudo 8 M<sub>w</sub>, 8,5 M<sub>w</sub> dan 9 M<sub>w</sub>. Sebagai titik tinjau digunakan 10  daerah di sepanjang pantai wilayah Bengkulu. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan  bahwa nilai <em>run up</em>  tsunami  yang diperoleh mendekati nilai <em>run up</em> hasil pengukuran. Daerah dengan waktu tercepat dihantam gelombang tsunami adalah Pulau Enggano dengan waktu tempuh 27 menit dan 46 detik. <em>Run up</em> tertinggi terjadi di  Kota Bengkulu. dengan  nilai <em>run up</em> yang diperoleh adalah 2,07 m untuk skenario 8 M<sub>w</sub>, 4,05 untuk skenario 8,5 M<sub>w  </sub>dan9,83 m untuk skenario 9 M<sub>w</sub>.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> :tsunami, pemodelan, <em>software </em>L-2008, <em>software </em>TTT, <em>run up</em></p>

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTS ON THE DENSITY OF TSUNAMI INUNDATION WATER AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE TSUNAMI RUN-UP AND DEPOSIT

2018 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Hideo Matsutomi ◽  
Fumiko Konno
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Distance Ratio ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Deposit Thickness ◽  
Historical Tsunami ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Sediment ◽  
Sediment Deposit

For the sophistication of the tsunami load, future and historical tsunami scale evaluations, the dependency of the density of tsunami inundation water with sediment on the hydraulic quantities, and then the dependencies of the tsunami run-up distance, sediment deposit distance, mean sediment deposit thickness on the density of the tsunami inundation water are examined through a devised small-scale hydraulic experiment. Within the experimental range of this study, it is verified that the density of the tsunami inundation water depends on the Froude number of the incident tsunami inundation flow and the sediment grain size, and the relative tsunami run-up distance (= the run-up distance of the inundation water with sediment/the run-up distance of the inundation water without sediment (= fresh water)), ratio of the tsunami sediment deposit distance to the tsunami run-up distance, ratio of the mean tsunami sediment deposit thickness to the tsunami sediment deposit distance depend on the density of the tsunami inundation water, and four empirical expressions for those dependencies are proposed.

scholarly journals TSUNAMI INUNDATION SIMULATIONS IN URBAN TOPOGRAPHY

2018 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Takuya Miyashita ◽  
Nobuhito Mori
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Urban Topography ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
Local Momentum

The inundation of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami showed complex behavior over the land. According to the surveys of the Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami in 2011, the behavior of tsunami in urban areas was different from that in rural areas and the damage was not only dependent on the inundation heights but also the local momentum. The buildings are commonly excluded and smoothed off in the topography in the conventional inundation simulation but it’s important to understand the local characteristics of tsunami run-up in urban areas. The purpose of this study is to understand and validate numerical models of tsunami in the urban area.

scholarly journals Simulating tsunami propagation in fjords with long wave models

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 4857-4887
Author(s):  
F. Løvholt ◽  
S. Glimsdal ◽  
P. Lynett ◽  
G. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Wave Characteristics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wave Models ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Steep Slopes

Abstract. Tsunamis induced by rock slides constitute a severe hazard towards coastal fjord communities. Fjords are narrow and rugged with steep slopes, and modeling the short-frequency and high-amplitude tsunamis in this environment is demanding. In the present paper, our ability (and the lack thereof) to simulate tsunami propagation and run-up in fjords for typical wave characteristics of rock slide induced waves is demonstrated. The starting point is a 1 : 500 scale model of the topography and bathymetry of Storfjorden fjord system in western Norway. Using measured wave data from the scale model as input to numerical simulations, we find that the leading wave is moderately influenced by non-linearity and dispersion. For the trailing waves, dispersion and dissipation from the alongshore inundation on the traveling wave become more important. Tsunami inundation were simulated at the two locations of Hellesylt and Geiranger, providing good match with the measurements in the former location. In Geiranger, the most demanding case of the two, discrepancies are larger, which may in part be explained by scale effects, and in part combinations of errors emerging from both wave propagation along large stretches of the fjord and the inundation model itself.

scholarly journals Uji Kerawanan Terhadap Tsunami Dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) Di Pesisir Kecamatan Kretek, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrus Subardjo ◽  
Raden Ario
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Inundation Area ◽  
Overlay Method ◽  
Run Up

Tsunami merupakan jenis bahaya alam yang belum dapat diprediksi waktu terjadinya. Tsunami adalah salah satu bencana alam yang senantiasa mengancam penduduk yang tinggal di daerah pesisir. Walaupun jarang terjadi, namun daya hancurnya yang besar membuat bencana tsunami ini harus diperhitungkan. Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta termasuk salah satu wilayah rawan bencana tsunami yang meliputi 21 wilayah di Indonesia.Untuk mendukung langkah-langkah mitigasi bencana terhadap tsunami, salah satunya dengan memetakan tingkat kerentanan bencana tsunami di pesisir Pantai Depok Kecamatan Kretek, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember 2012. Adapun lokasi secara administratif masuk wilayah Desa Parangtritis, Kecamatan Kretek, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun peta kerentanan wilayah terhadap tsunami di pesisir Pantai Depok Kecamatan Kretek,Bantul, Yogyakarta. Metode analisis yang dilakukan pada beberapa macam peta dikenal dengan metode tumpang susun (overlay method). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lokasi Ketinggian daratan di Kecamatan Kretek terdiri dari daerah-daerah yang rendah di wilayah pesisir hingga daerah tinggi di sekitar pegunungan. Dataran rendah yang berada di dekat pantai mempunyai tingkat kerawanan paling tinggi terhadap bencana tsunami dibandingkan dengan dataran yang tinggi. Ketinggian ini akan berpengaruh pada daerah penggenangan tsunami (Tsunami Inundation Area). Wilayah yang sangat rendah di Kecamatan Kretek terdapat hampir di seluruh kecamatan yang berada di pesisir. Secara umum beberapa bagian wilayah pesisir yang rendah ini akan sangat mungkin terendam apabila di kemudian hari terjadi lagi bencana tsunami dengan tinggi run up yang samaKata Kunci: Kerawanan, Tsunami, Pesisir, Bantul 

Field Survey of the 2018 Sulawesi Tsunami: Inundation and Run-up Heights and Damage to Coastal Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 176 (8) ◽  
pp. 3291-3304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahito Mikami ◽  
Tomoya Shibayama ◽  
Miguel Esteban ◽  
Tomoyuki Takabatake ◽  
Ryota Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Run Up
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