scholarly journals LOW-COST SHORE PROTECTION ON THE GREAT LAKES: A DEMONSTRATION/RESEARCH PROGRAM

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
John M. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
Waves And Currents ◽  
Artificial Nourishment ◽  
Protective Methods ◽  
Large Wind

Shore erosion is currently causing millions of dollars of damage to shoreline property along the Great Lakes (1,2). Erosion is caused by the energy of waves and currents which are produced by large wind storms. The erosion process on the Great Lakes is most severe when lake levels are near the top of their 6-foot (1.8 meter) range'for several years as is currently being experienced. The severe erosion process continues even after lake levels fall, as the bluffs have become unstable and waves from intense storms can still attack them. In order to alleviate the erosion damages to beaches and bluffs, shoreline owners must rely on shore protection methods. Effective methods of shore protection are designed to slow or stop the erosion process by dissipating wave energy and/or preventing bluff attack. However, the most effective methods are very expensive, costing over $200 per foot ($656 per meter) of shoreline. (Costs are calculated, for the purposes of this study, as the length of shoreline which is expected to be protected by the shore protection methods. For sites utilizing revetments, artificial nourishment, and seawalls, the length is the stretch of shoreline actually covered by the method. For locations utilizing groin systems and breakwaters, the system was designed to protect the entire length of the sites; the costs have been calculated on that basis. Whether these systems actually protect that length of shoreline is to be determined by this study.) Shoreline homeowners are usually not able to meet such expenses, and often resort to less efficient and costly alternatives. Private shoreline owners need accurate, reliable information about effective low-cost shore protective methods in order to reduce or alleviate the severe erosion damages to their shoreline.

LOW COST SHORE PROTECTION USED ON THE GREAT LAKES

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
E F. Brater
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Protective Devices ◽  
Protection Structures

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of three years of field observations on low cost beach protection structures in use on the Great Lakes. The structures were studied in regard to their effectiveness as beach building and protective devices and with respect to their durability in resisting ice and wave forces. The term "low cost" refers to structures which cost between $10 and $50 per foot of frontage at 1952 prices.

Preliminary results of the study on the reasons of the Hai Hau erosion phenomenon

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426
Author(s):  
Pham Van Ninh ◽  
Phan Ngoc Vinh ◽  
Nguyen Manh Hung ◽  
Dinh Van Manh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Red River ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
The North ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
North And South ◽  
Very High

Overall the evolution process of the Red River Delta based on the maps and historical data resulted in a fact that before the 20th century all the Nam Dinh coastline was attributed to accumulation. Then started the erosion process at Xuan Thuydistrict and from the period of 1935 - 1965 the most severe erosion was contributed in the stretch from Ha Lan to Hai Trieu, 1965 - 1990 in Hai Chinh - Hai Hoa, 1990 - 2005 in the middle part of Hai Chinh - Hai Thinh (Hai Hau district). The adjoining stretches were suffered from not severe erosion. At the same time, the Ba Lat mouth is advanced to the sea and to the North and South direction by the time with a very high rate.The first task of the mathematical modeling of coastal line evolution of Hai Hau is to evaluate this important historical marked periods e. g. to model the coastal line at the periods before 1900, 1935 - 1965; 1965 - 1990; 1990 - 2005. The tasks is very complicated and time and working labors consuming.In the paper, the primarily results of the above mentioned simulations (as waves, currents, sediments transports and bottom - coastal lines evolution) has been shown. Based on the obtained results, there is a strong correlation between the protrusion magnitude and the southward moving of the erosion areas.

Retrospective on the 1970’s “Low Cost Shore Protection” program

Shore & Beach ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Joan Pope
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Shoreline Erosion ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Demonstration Program ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The U.S

In the 1970s, the U.S. Congress authorized and funded a five-year demonstration program on low-cost methods for shore protection called the “U.S. Army Engineers Shoreline Erosion Control Demonstration (Section 54) Program.” The Section 54 also known as the “Low-Cost Shore Protection” demonstration program is revisited. Demonstration and monitoring sites including the materials, devices, vegetative plantings, approaches tested, and program findings are discussed. Simply put, a major finding of the Section 54 program was that the concept of “low-cost shore protection” was a bit naïve. However, the program did lead to a wealth of public information documents and practical coastal engineering lessons that are still resonating as home owners, communities, and engineers consider alternative approaches for managing coastal erosion. The program structure and findings are applicable 40 years later as consideration is given toward the use of Natural and Nature-based Features (NNBF) for addressing coastal erosion. Evolution in thought relative to coastal erosion and shoreline enhancement activities since the 1970s has built upon many of the lessons and concepts of the Section 54 program and other real-world coastal erosion management success-failure experiences. This growth has led to a modern appreciation that those features that emulate NNBF are promising and responsible alternative coastal erosion management strategies if proper engineering standard elements of design are included in the project.

scholarly journals PREDICTION OF CONSOLIDATED COHESIVE BOTTOM EROSION BY WAVE ACTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhu ◽  
Nobuhisa Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Cohesive Sediment ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Sand And Gravel

A consolidated cohesive sediment layer exists below a layer of sand on some beaches along the Great Lakes (glacial till) and the Gulf of Mexico. The erosion process of consolidated cohesive sediment may be gradual but irreversible (no recovery) apart from sand and gravel released from the eroded consolidated cohesive sediment. The cohesive sediment erosion rate is increased by a thin mobile layer of sand and decreased by a thick sand layer. The complicated interactions of waves, sand and cohesive bottom are simplified and incorporated into an existing cross-shore numerical model.

Paleo-reconstructed net basin supply scenarios and their effect on lake levels in the upper great lakes

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonas Ghile ◽  
Paul Moody ◽  
Casey Brown
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
Upper Great Lakes

Lake levels in the Erie Basin of the Laurentian Great Lakes

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. M. Lewis ◽  
G. D. M. Cameron ◽  
T. W. Anderson ◽  
C. W. Heil ◽  
P. L. Gareau
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Levels

scholarly journals PRINCIPLES OF SHORE PROTECTION FOR THE GREAT LAKES

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Martin A. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Shore Protection

The Great Lakes region is one of quiet challenge and absorbing interest to the coastal engineer. From the broad pattern of its morphologic history to the detail of its present-day shoreline it presents a fascinating variety of natural phenomena and man-imposed regimen that has controlled and still conditions its shoreline behavior. Many of the features of the behavior pattern and its controls are recognized and subject to beneficial management) some of these are either not recognized or are ignored by coastal experts who should know better; while others are as yet beyond the capabilities of the methods of beneficial management available today.

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