scholarly journals EQUILIBRIUM PROFILES OF COARSE MATERIAL UNDER WAVE ATTACK

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Van Hijum
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Coarse Material ◽  
Equilibrium Profiles ◽  
Equilibrium Profile ◽  
Gravel Beaches

In order to obtain design criteria for artificial gravel beaches, a research programme was drawn up to study the behaviour of gravel beaches under wave attack. The present paper gives the main results of the first step in this programme, viz. the determination of the dimensions, form and way of formation of an equilibrium profile under regular, perpendicular wave attack. One of the conclusions is that gravel with a D0(,

scholarly journals EQUILIBRIUM PROFILES AND LONGSHORE TRANSPORT OF COARSE MATERIAL UNDER OBLIQUE WAVE ATTACK

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Van Hijum
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Regular Wave ◽  
Oblique Wave ◽  
Wave Approach ◽  
Longshore Transport ◽  
Equilibrium Profiles ◽  
Equilibrium Profile ◽  
Gravel Beaches ◽  
Profile Characteristics

In order to obtain design criteria for artificial gravel beaches, a research programme was drawn up to study the behaviour of gravel beaches under wave attack. The present paper gives the main results of the investigations into beach formation and equilibrium profile characteristics, including the longshore transport rate of beach material under regular wave attack with varying angles of wave approach,

Equilibrium Profile of Modern Belted Radial Ply Tires: Its Determination and Performance Benefits

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-151
Author(s):  
Rudolf F. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Finite Element Methods ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Equilibrium Profiles ◽  
Equilibrium Profile ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Beneficial Property

ABSTRACT The benefits of a tire's equilibrium profile have been suggested by several authors in the published literature, and mathematical procedures were developed that represented well the behavior of bias ply tires. However, for modern belted radial ply tires, and particularly those with a lower aspect ratio, the tire constructions are much more complicated and pose new problems for a mathematical analysis. Solutions to these problems are presented in this paper, and for a modern radial touring tire the equilibrium profile was calculated together with the mold profile to produce such tires. Some construction modifications were then applied to these tires to render their profiles “nonequilibrium.” Finite element methods were used to analyze for stress concentrations and deformations within all tires that did or did not conform to equilibrium profiles. Finally, tires were built and tested to verify the predictions of these analyses. From the analysis of internal stresses and deformations on inflation and loading and from the actual tire tests, the superior durability of tires with an equilibrium profile was established, and hence it is concluded that an equilibrium profile is a beneficial property of modern belted radial ply tires.

SOME FEATURES OF THE EQUILIBRIUM COASTAL PROFILE FOR DIFFERENT INITIAL BED SLOPES BASED ON MODELLING STUDY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Korzinin ◽  
Dmitry Korzinin ◽  
Igor Leontiev ◽  
Igor Leontiev
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Equilibrium Profiles ◽  
Equilibrium Profile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Bed Slope ◽  
Coastal Profile ◽  
Modelling Study

Modelling study of the equilibrium profiles formed on sandy coasts of different bed slopes and grain sizes under the various wave conditions was realized by using the CROSS-P and Xbeach morphodynamic models. A special criterion taking into account a total volume of bed deformations per one hour was suggested to determine the conditions of profile stabilization. For both models the time scales of equilibrium profile formation were found to be the same. However, the deformation magnitudes differed significantly. Bed deformations were computed on the whole profile length over the 200-hours duration of wave impact. It was concluded that both models predict a trend of the bed slope toward a stable value. CROSS-P model shows the widening of accumulative terrace during the profile evolution. The mean slope of the equilibrium profile was found to depend on the initial bed slope.

scholarly journals Fitness Center Design with Natural Shapes and Forms Approach in Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Pande Putu Dwi Novigga Artha
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Fitness Center ◽  
The People ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Special Approach ◽  
The City

Density of Surabaya city affects the physical and psychological health of the people. Productive activities accompanied by a dense environment mean that people rarely have time to exercise. To increase the awareness and interest of the people of the city of Surabaya to exercise, it is necessary to have a sports facility with a special approach. Biophilic theory, especially the natural shapes and form approach, can be a solution to these problems. The return of nature's essence into the building can provide positive benefits for human physical and physical health. Previous research has discussed the determination of fitness center design criteria with the natural shapes and forms approach in Surabaya. In this follow-up journal, we will discuss the final result or application of the design criteria into an architectural work. The design method used is the force based framework method. The force in the design of this building in addition to the surrounding natural environment is the natural perception of the community which is transformed into architectural forms. It aims to increase interest in training and restoring the user's physical and psychological health without having to go far out of town to look for nature.

scholarly journals CARIBBEAN BEACH-FACE SLOPES AND BEACH EQUILIBRIUM PROFILES

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Boon ◽  
Malcolm O. Green
Keyword(s):  
Objective Measure ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Equilibrium Profiles ◽  
Equilibrium Profile

Field measurements performed on two Caribbean islands revealed that two-dimensional nearshore bottom morphology is well represented by Dean's (1977) model of the beach equilibrium profile, h - A xm, where h is depth below mean water level at a distance x offshore and A is a scale factor. For the curvature, m, we obtained an average value of approximately m - 1/2 through least squares curve fitting of observed profile data, yielding a more concave and therefore steeper profile inshore than m — 2/3, the average previously reported by Dean for quartz sand beaches in the United States. Furthermore, an objective measure of beach steepness was found to be A-*-'1", a quantity which utilizes both of Dean's parameters and which may serve as a surrogate for the beach-face slope, tan /3, on highly concave beaches. Reasonable correlations were found between A?-'m and the environmental parameter, H^ /gDT , where H^ is breaker height, D is sediment grain size, T is wave period and g is gravitational acceleration. Improved prediction of Caribbean beach slopes and beach equilibrium profiles is an important practical result.

scholarly journals SCOUR AROUND MODEL PIPELINES DUE TO WAVE ACTION

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Herbich
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Equilibrium Profiles ◽  
Equilibrium Profile ◽  
Pipeline Failures

The size, number and application of offshore pipelines are steadily increasing. At the same time, the incidence of reported pipeline failures is also increasing. There appear to be several reasons for these failures, and they can be placed in two basic categories: 1. inadequate cover, and 2. low "specific gravity" of the pipeline. Under the first category the depth of burial may be insufficient, the type of burial material may be inferior to the material alongside the trench, or the compaction of cover material may be inadequate. Under the second category the pipe may actually float up to the surface from the ocean bottom as material around the buried pipe liquifies. An extensive literature search revealed that many studies were conducted by Meyers (1936), Waters (1939), Johnson (1940), W.E.S. (1940), Rector (1954), Wiegel, et al (1954), Saville (1957), Iwagaki and Noda (1962), Nayak (1972), Noda (1972), and Earattupuzha (1974). In general, two types of "equilibrium profiles" were developed in the laboratory flumes, the "ordinary" and the "storm" (sometimes referred to as summer and winter profiles). Despite numerous previous investigations, knowledge of the "scale effects" involved in equilibrium beach profiles is inadequate. Many authors have analyzed model data without stating the relation between model and prototype dimensions. In addition, many have claimed certain phenomena observed in the model to be independent of initial slope. An extensive laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the development of underwater bars and scour patterns with the pipeline buried at various depths below the ocean bottom. Pictures of the beach profile were taken at specific time intervals through the glass wall of the wave tank. Attempts were made to correlate equilibrium profile geometric quantities, such as depth of offshore bar, scour depth and berm height with the wave characteristics. Qualitative agreement between laboratory and natural beach profiles were demonstrated by trial and error fitting of one to the other.

Control Logic Design Criteria for Multifunction Switching Devices

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria L. Calhoun
Keyword(s):  
Design Criteria ◽  
Logic Design ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Function Assignment ◽  
Switching Devices

Since multifunction switching is a relatively new concept in controls technology, many design questions unique to this type of control need to be addressed. Research was conducted to determine pilot acceptability and useability of a panel of multifunction switches for aircraft applications. Many of the design criteria identified during the studies as critical to the optimization of switch/function assignment and determination of operator selections required to perform tasks will be presented.

Experimental Determination of Chlorite Dissolution Rates

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Rochelle ◽  
Keith Bateman ◽  
Robert MacGregor ◽  
Jonathan M. Pearce ◽  
David Savage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Kinetics ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Dissolution Rates ◽  
Disturbed Zone ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Engineered Barriers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mineral Dissolution Kinetics

AbstractCurrent concepts of the geological disposal of low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes in the UK envisage the construction of a mined facility (incorporating cementitious engineered barriers) in chlorite-bearing rocks. To model accurately the fluid-rock reactions within the ‘disturbed zone’ surrounding a repository requires functions that describe mineral dissolution kinetics under pH conditions that vary from near neutral to highly alkaline.Therefore, an experimental study to determine the dissolution rates of Fe-rich chlorite has been undertaken as part of the Nirex Safety Assessment Research Programme. Four experiments have been carried out at 25 °C and four at 70 °C, both sets using a range of NaCl/NaOH solutions of differing pH (of nominal pH 9.0,10.3, 11.6 and 13.0 [at 25 °C]).Dissolution rates have been calculated and were found to increase with increasing pH and temperature. However, increased pH resulted in non-stoichiometric dissolution possibly due to preferential dissolution of part of the chlorite structure relative to another, or reprecipitation of some elements as thin hydroxide or oxyhydroxide surface coatings on the chlorite.These results also show that chlorite dissolution is appreciably slower than that of albite and quartz at both 25 and 70 °C, but slightly faster than that of muscovite at 70 °C.

SOME FEATURES OF THE EQUILIBRIUM COASTAL PROFILE FOR DIFFERENT INITIAL BED SLOPES BASED ON MODELLING STUDY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Korzinin ◽  
Dmitry Korzinin ◽  
Igor Leontiev ◽  
Igor Leontiev
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Equilibrium Profiles ◽  
Equilibrium Profile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Bed Slope ◽  
Coastal Profile ◽  
Modelling Study

Modelling study of the equilibrium profiles formed on sandy coasts of different bed slopes and grain sizes under the various wave conditions was realized by using the CROSS-P and Xbeach morphodynamic models. A special criterion taking into account a total volume of bed deformations per one hour was suggested to determine the conditions of profile stabilization. For both models the time scales of equilibrium profile formation were found to be the same. However, the deformation magnitudes differed significantly. Bed deformations were computed on the whole profile length over the 200-hours duration of wave impact. It was concluded that both models predict a trend of the bed slope toward a stable value. CROSS-P model shows the widening of accumulative terrace during the profile evolution. The mean slope of the equilibrium profile was found to depend on the initial bed slope.

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